CHAPTER 6 DEP 3305 MCGRAW HILL CONNECT

Standards-based reform refers to ______.

policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of benchmarks measured by achievement tests

Studies show that students on lower education tracks who need to most help often have the ______ instruction.

poorest

An advantage of schools within schools is that they lead to ______.

the development of a more positive social environment

About ______% of the connection between teacher expectations and student achievement results from teachers having accurate perceptions.

80

Today, more than ______% of high school students graduate on time.

80

Which of the following statements is true?

College graduates earn substantially more than individuals who attend college but do not graduate.

Identify three common types of specific learning disabilities.

Dyscalculia Dyslexia Dysgraphia

Which U.S. president signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act?

George W. Bush

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with providing instruction to children with learning disabilities in separate classes?

It may foster social isolation and stigmatization.

Which of the following is an unintended consequence of zero-tolerance policies?

Many students end up with arrest records for acts that would have been treated as disciplinary infractions in the past.

Which of the following students is especially vulnerable to the effects of teacher expectations?

Montel, who comes from a low-SES family

______ is a general term for a difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction.

a learning disability

As a result of Brown v. Board of Education, many school districts ______.

adopted measures designed to make schools more diverse

Good schools in the United States _____. (Select all that apply.)

are well-integrated into the communities they serve emphasize intellectual activities encourage students to be active participants in the learning process have teachers who are committed to students

The big fish-little pond effect has been documented ______.

around the world

When students compare themselves to their high-achieving classmates, they don't feel as competent as they would if their point of comparison were students who were not so smart. This phenomenon is called the ______ effect.

big fish little pond effect

Students profit from the social capital associated with attending a ______ school, because the lessons taught in school are reinforced at home, at church, and in the neighborhood, and because the links between home and school are stronger.

catholic

ADHD is usually diagnosed during _____

childhood

If it were not for the effects of school on ______ development, the discrepancy between affluent and poor youngsters' achievement would be much greater than it currently is.

cognitive

The 1920s marked the birth in the United States of what came to be known as the ___________ high school, an educational institution that promised to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people.

comprehensive

The primary purpose of the ______ school was to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people in the early twentieth century.

comprehensive high school

Students in different tracks have (similar/different) opportunities to learn.

different

______is a learning disability in which one has impaired ability in arithmetic.

dyscalculia

Maddy has a learning disability in which she has an impaired ability in handwriting. Maddy has ______.

dysgraphia

Corbin has a learning disability in which he has an impaired ability in reading and spelling. Corbin has ______.

dyslexia

Students who are disengaged from school are more likely to _____. (Select all that apply.)

engage in substance use misbehave

Teachers are likely to base their expectations about students, in part, on their ______.

ethnic and socioeconomic background

Shelly has always excelled at math and science. As a freshman, Shelly is taking senior-level advanced placement classes in both math and science. She has won state awards for her scientific discoveries and is already receiving offers from major universities throughout the country. Shelly's abilities in math and science classify her as ______.

gifted

Students who are unusually talented in some aspect of intellectual performance are called Input Field 1 of 1 gifted unavailable correct gifted_______students.

gifted

About ______ or more of all children diagnosed with ADHD continue to have the diagnosis in adulthood.

half

Which school characteristics contribute to the likelihood of bullying occurring?

harsh punishments for students, frequent disrespect for students, unsupportive teachers

Among (lower/higher) SES students, academic progress during the school year is comparable to that during the summer.

higher

Suspending or expelling students from school (increases/decreases) their likelihood of getting into further trouble.

increase

The education crisis, and its implications for the labor force, is especially urgent within ______ schools.

inner-city public

The ______ school is an educational institution designed during the early era of public secondary education in which young adolescents are schooled separately from older adolescents.

junior high

Researchers agree that in good-quality schools, ______.

learning is more important to students than athletics or extracurricular activities

(Magnet/Middle/Private) schools were established to create diversity by drawing students from different neighborhoods.

magnet

The integration of all students with special needs into regular classrooms is called

mainstreaming

Toward the end of the twentieth century, the ______ school gained in popularity.

middle

Which of the following are considered to be part of secondary education?

middle school, junior high and high school

Today, ______ of high school graduates enroll in college immediately after graduation.

more than two-thirds

Which of the following best describes the high school completion rate in the United States in the early twentieth century compared to today?

much lower

The ______ Act mandated that states ensure that all students, regardless of their economic circumstances, achieve academic proficiency

no child left behind

A strong predictor of high achievement and reduced dropout rates is ______.

parent involvement

What are the five key aspects of school organization?

school and class size, tracking, the ethnic composition of schools, public vs. private schools, different approaches to age grouping

Subdivisions of the student body within large schools created to foster feelings of competence are referred to as

schools within schools

High school and junior high are part of the __________ education system.

secondary

One key aspect of school organization is the ______ of classrooms and schools.

size

The interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family are called ______.

social capital

The past three decades have been dominated by what is called _________________-____________________ reform, which focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of benchmarks measured by achievement tests.

standards-based

__________ __________ is the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work.

student engagement

The achievement gap between White and non-White students is (substantial/minimal)

substantial

Children with a learning disability are defined as those who perform significantly poorer in school than ______.

their expected performance

Raul, Clayton, and Willie all attend Lincoln High School. Raul takes classes that are challenging and rigorous. Clayton takes remedial classes, as he has had academic difficulties in the past. Willie, an average student, takes the same classes as most of his peers. This example of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called ______.

tracking

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called

tracking

True or false: Schools can contribute to student bullying.

true

Young people who drop out of high school before graduation are at risk for ______. (Select all that apply.)

unemployment, delinquency, unintended pregnancy, substance abuse

The increase in college enrollment has been especially dramatic among (men/women) .

women