Chapter 6 (Dissociative Disorders)

8. Vickianna's doctor is trying to diagnose if her condition is an illness anxiety disorder or a somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction, he should determine if Vickianna _____.

A. has physical symptoms

84. To receive a diagnosis of depersonalization/derealization disorder, the person must:

A. have frequent and distressing episodes of detachment from self or surroundings that disrupt functioning.

12. Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder? .

C. Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptom disorder mirror their emotional well-being.

19. According to DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

C. The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors.

47. Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

C. The persecutor

2. Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorders?

C. The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect.

90. Freyd and colleagues (2007) suggest that individuals who dissociate from, and forget, their abusive experiences are most likely to perform differently from other individuals in _____.

C. cognitive tasks

25. Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Lorna is most likely exhibiting a symptom of _____ disorder.

C. conversion

27. Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as the result of:

C. the transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms.

13. Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder in the United States?

D. Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults.

87. Memories formed before the age of _____ tend to be sketchy.

A. 3

10. Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation?

C. Somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

89. Elizabeth Loftus's "lost at the mall" studies showed how easy it is to _____.

A. create a false memory

22. Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic due to symptoms like blindness, seizures, loss of hearing, and mutism?

B. Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

52. Which of the following explains why dissociative identity disorder was not diagnosed before 1980?

B. There was no such diagnostic category in the DSM-II.

68. The inability to remember information from the past is known as _____ amnesia.

B. retrograde

75. Steven left his home abruptly without taking any of his belongings. He relocated to a nearby town. Several months later, he returned to his old home with no memory of his travel. Steven would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

C. dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

51. Lucas reported to his therapist that he hears several voices in his head and that some of his actions or words are being controlled by other people inside him. Lucas's symptoms are representative of _____ disorder.

C. dissociative identity

83. Depersonalization/derealization disorder is characterized by:

C. experiences in which the person feels detached from his/her mental processes, body, or surroundings.

34. Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a _____.

C. factitious disorder imposed on another

21. People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

C. have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

59. People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be:

C. highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

41. Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as _____ disorder.

C. multiple personality

16. Studies of refugees who fled to the United States usually have

C. posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic symptom disorder

86. Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings are typical of individuals diagnosed with:

D. depersonalization/derealization disorder.

36. Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are considered by some theorists to be the result of a psychological process known as _____, in which different parts of an individual's identity, memories, or consciousness split off from one another.

D. dissociation

85. Repressed memories represent a form of _____.

D. dissociative amnesia

64. Amnesia is categorized as either _____ or _____.

D. psychogenic; organic

56. DSM-5 has added the words _____ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

A. "or an experience of possession"

54. In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed most frequently?

A. United States

60. Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

B. Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality

55. Some studies suggest that _____ may be more likely than other ethnic groups to experience dissociative symptoms in response to traumas.

B. Latinos

38. In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness: the _____ mode the and _____ mode.

B. active; receptive

46. In dissociative identity disorder, an alter that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-injurious behaviors (such as self-cutting or self-burning) and suicide attempts is called _____.

B. the persecutor

45. Which of the following is the most common alter found in people with dissociative identity disorder?

D. The child

42. Which of the following dissociative disorders is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

A. Dissociative identity disorder

4. _____ was formerly known as hypochondriasis (without physical symptoms).

A. Illness anxiety disorder

73. Brian has a history of drinking heavily before going to bed. His family accuses him of kicking the dog, breaking several dishes, and being verbally abusive on several occasions. Brown recalls none of these incidents and soon begins to forget personal information as well. Brown's memory loss is most likely related to _____.

A. Korsakoff's syndrome

17. Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?

A. Psychodynamic

23. Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

A. The conversion symptom develops after a trauma or psychological stressor.

48. Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle?

A. The helper

44. A person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder may have several alters. An alter is a(n):

A. alternate personality.

80. One complication that arises in diagnosing amnesias is the possibility that:

A. amnesias may be faked by people to escape punishment for crimes committed.

66. Organic amnesia often involves the inability to remember new information, known as _____ amnesia.

A. anterograde

67. Karen had a hiking accident that resulted in head trauma. She now has difficulty remembering new information. Karen's amnesia would be categorized as _____.

A. anterograde

57. Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of _____, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Latinos.

A. ataque de nervios

18. In the treatment of somatic symptom disorder, _____ therapies attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior.

A. behavioral

20. Cognitive therapies for somatic symptom disorder focus on:

A. challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations.

15. Herman has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He states regularly, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, it will probably cause damage to the other parts of my body." Herman is most likely catastrophizing his symptoms. This maladaptive way of thinking is linked with the _____ theoretical perspective.

A. cognitive

74. Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Verna is most likely to be experiencing a(n) _____.

A. dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

76. Janet has been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. She is typically likely to:

A. experience autobiographical memory loss.

72. Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by:

A. global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.

9. Bertram has spent years being concerned about his health even though he has no symptoms or pain. Several years ago, he read an article on tumors and became preoccupied with thoughts about getting a tumor. He rarely seeks medical help and in fact avoids doctors and hospitals. Bertram is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

A. illness anxiety

29. It was observed during the two world wars that many soldiers would report to have become inexplicably paralyzed or blind and therefore were unable to return to the front. Most of them seemed unconcerned about their paralysis or blindness. This phenomenon is known as _____.

A. la belle indifference

3. When a woman believes she is pregnant, but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results, this syndrome is called _____.

A. pseudocyesis

24. Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is usually characterized by:

A. sensory and motor deficits.

78. Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

A. will behave quite normally in the new environment.

28. According to Freud's explanation of the conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), which of the following best describes secondary gain?

B. The attention and sympathy received as a result of the symptom complaints

88. To test how easy it is to create a false memory, Elizabeth Loftus designed a series of studies around _____.

B. being lost at the mall

31. People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

B. can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological.

35. Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Candice most likely has a _____.

B. factitious disorder imposed on self

14. Family studies suggest that somatic symptom disorders run primarily among _____ relatives, and _____ relatives have higher rates of alcoholism.

B. female; male

81. Many courts deny the use of hypnosis in the case of dissociative amnesia because of the possibility that:

B. hypnosis will "create" memories through the power of suggestion.

63. In the case of dissociative identity disorder, patients who are able to integrate their personalities are:

B. more likely to remain relatively free from the symptoms and reduce medication.

79. The main difference between dissociative amnesia with versus without the specification of dissociative fugue is that:

B. people with dissociative fugue typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative amnesia do not take flight and create new identities.

53. When people with dissociative identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having _____.

B. schizophrenia

5. Bethany is experiencing dizziness, head pain and numbness in her lower limbs, all with no apparent medical reason. Bethany is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

B. somatic symptom

6. Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had severe headaches and tremors for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Sherry is most likely suffering from a(n) _____ disorder.

B. somatic symptom

7. Marcus spends a lot of time at his physician's clinic to deal with the pain in his abdomen. He has had several gastrointestinal tests as well as other diagnostic tests taken, but the doctors can find nothing to explain his pain. He spends much time worrying about his mystery pain is something serious. Marcus is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ disorder.

B. somatic symptom

40. For most people, the active mode and receptive mode:

B. weave experiences together so seamlessly that no division is noticed.

70. Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has _____.

C. retrograde amnesia

26. Jaclyn has been complaining for several weeks that she has lost all feeling in her right hand. A medical examination revealed no nerve damage. However, Jaclyn insists that something is wrong because she feels as though she has on a tight glove. Jaclyn is mostly experiencing _____ anesthesia associated with _____.

D. glove; conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

11. People diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT _____.

D. psychotic disorders

69. Marsha has dementia. It is becoming increasingly difficulty for her to remember her past. Sometimes she forgets her children's names. Marsha's amnesia would be categorized as _____.

D. retrograde

1. The _____ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.

D. somatic symptom

39. The active mode in Hilgard's study referred to:

D. the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary action

50. A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is _____.

A. post-traumatic stress disorder

61. Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop dissociative identity disorder?

B. As a strategy to cope with traumas

32. _____ treatments for conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the initial trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits the person is receiving from the conversion symptoms.

B. Behavioral

58. Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder?

B. Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood

71. When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember:

B. their personal identities.

82. Amnesia is frequently seen in murder cases with _____ percent of people arrested for homicide claiming to have amnesia.

C. 25-45

43. Which of the following individuals is most likely to receive a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

C. Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other.

62. Which of the following techniques is heavily used to contact alters in the case of dissociative identity disorder?

C. Hypnosis

30. Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

C. Impaired connectivity between sensory or motor areas of the brain is likely to cause conversion disorder.

33. Factitious disorders are also referred to as _____.

C. Munchhausen's syndrome

65. Which of the following is true of organic amnesia?

C. Organic amnesia is caused by brain injury.

49. Which of the following is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

C. People diagnosed with DID claim to have significant periods of amnesia.

37. The idea that dissociation is a process in which systems of ideas are split off from consciousness but are accessible through dreams and hypnosis was conceptualized by _____.

C. Pierre Janet

77. Which of the following statements is true of psychogenic amnesia?

D. It involves memory loss that is limited to personal information.