Chapter 6 for GACE 101 Study Guide

A child with Asperger syndrome would likely experience difficulty in all the following situations EXCEPT which one? Participating in a group conversation without interrupting Playing the role of a talking animal in a school play Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter Understanding the sarcastic humor of a classmate

Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter

All of the following are examples of a classroom accommodation EXCEPT _____. Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day. Scheduling the student's most difficult subjects in the morning when their attention span is maximized. Seating a student with ADHD at the front of the classroom. Seating the ADHD student next to a non-ADHD student.

Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day.

John has not been sleeping and is experiencing symptoms of agitation, speaking very quickly, and appearing as if he is high on some substance, but a few weeks ago he was troubled with feelings of worthlessness and sadness. Why might doctors diagnose him with bipolar disorder? He has had a depressive episode for longer than three weeks. He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep. He has changed his eating and sleeping patterns. He has been having recurrent suicidal thoughts.

He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep.

How can deviance lead to rejection by a group? If the deviance is beyond the level accepted by the group, rejection can occur. If you bring in social norms from another society, deviance will never be an issue. There is no level of deviance allowed by groups; all deviance results in rejection. If you do not know the members of the group well, a deviant action can lead to rejection.

If the deviance is beyond the level accepted by the group, rejection can occur.

How does the study of human development help us understand atypical development in children? It tells us what children with atypical development should be doing at different stages of their life. It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life. It is typically concerned with the study of atypical behavior. It helps us detect visual and/or hearing impairments at an early age.

It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life.

Which of the following are some ways that anxiety manifests physically? It may cause faintness. It may reduce eyesight and hearing abilities. It may cause fatigue and headaches. It may cause heart attacks.

It may cause fatigue and headaches.

Why is early intervention for atypical development important? It might be possible to have surgery if it's detected early. It can help students skip a grade in elementary school. There is no difference for a child if their development is identified early or late. It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions.

It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions.

Which of the following is an example of atypical development in children? Alexis broke his arm while he was playing football. Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age. John got an F on a math test because he did not understand the way his teacher explained how to add fractions. Maria has myopia so she needs to wear eyeglasses.

Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age.

A child who is in charge of self-care is called a _____ kid. Latchkey Daycare Maturity Self-efficacy

Latchkey

Which of the following is NOT a cause of addiction? Cultural celebration of substance abuse High levels of dopamine Prolonged use of a substance, or tolerance Low levels of dopamine Prohibition of a substance

Low levels of dopamine

Which answer choice does NOT represent an example of an effective strategy for treating students with ADHD? Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them Using learning assessments to gain an understanding of the most effective ways for students to learn Modifying the classroom layout to minimize opportunities for distraction for students with ADHD Providing extra academic support, such as an additional study period or increased time to complete assignments

Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them

How is depression different from sadness? Major depression is harder to diagnose than sadness. Major depression involves suicidal thoughts. Sadness does not have a specific cause. Major depression lasts longer than two weeks.

Major depression lasts longer than two weeks.

Which of the following can be a consequence of social norms? Social norms are not as important as deviance and levels of education within the group. People know what to expect in certain situations and feel less social stress. Social norms lead to confusion and allow groups to decide who leads and who follows. Social norms lead to confusion, disorder, and chaos, which is essential in society

People know what to expect in certain situations and feel less social stress.

What is the difference between substance abuse and dependence? People with dependence use more than those with an abuse disorder. People with dependence have a greater difficulty quitting than those with an abuse disorder. People with dependence use a wider variety of substances. People with abuse use more than those with a dependence disorder. People with abuse have a greater difficulty quitting than those with a dependence disorder.

People with dependence have a greater difficulty quitting than those with an abuse disorder.

Genesis is four years old. At the age of two, she was diagnosed with hypoacusia, a health condition that impairs hearing. Now, she uses a hearing device and receives therapy in order to learn how to speak and hear. What kind of atypical development is this? Emotional Behavioral Cognitive Physical

Physical

Which of the following is typical of a child with Asperger's syndrome? A wide range of interests Trouble speaking and forming complete sentences Difficulty in learning Physical clumsiness

Physical clumsiness

Which of these is the BEST definition of atypical development? Delayed development of motor skills from what most children should be capable of doing at that stage of their life. Development that causes difficulty with social interactions. Development that shows a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity. Physical, cognitive, emotional, or social development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers.

Physical, cognitive, emotional, or social development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers.

Ten-year-old Jamal has a laid-back personality and a warm, supportive family. In terms of stress, he LIKELY has a high level of: Resilience Adjustment Anxiety Avoidance Resolve

Resilience

When a child is left alone to take care of themselves, it is called: Self-efficacy Self-care Maturity After-school care

Self-care

The belief that you can accomplish something is called: Self-care Maturity Self-efficacy Latchkey

Self-efficacy

Why is a child's interpretation of a situation important to how it affects them? The more important a situation seems to a child, the less they will stress over it The more important a situation seems to a child, the more they will stress over it A child is incapable of interpreting a situation, it cannot affect them emotionally A child is capable of interpreting a bad situation as a good one

The more important a situation seems to a child, the more they will stress over it

Which of the following is NOT true about substance abuse? Genetics can be a factor. It can have a negative impact on a person's work, school, and personal life. Dopamine levels can be a factor. It is a negative pattern of use.

The person is unable to quit regardless of the consequences.

As children age, why is it normal for their anxiety to increase? They are becoming more sensitive to peer pressure and the anxiety of fitting in They are becoming more aware of their impending adulthood and feel anxious about leaving school and obtaining employment They are becoming more aware of the world around them, including situations that can cause them harm or stress They are becoming more in tune with the anxious behavior of others, which boosts their own anxiety

They are becoming more aware of the world around them, including situations that can cause them harm or stress

How is a gifted child considered different from a normal child? They have average abilities and are capable of high performance. They have average abilities and are capable of average performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of average performance

They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance.

Which of the following accurately describes a difference between Asperger syndrome and autism? Those with Asperger syndrome have a harder time learning. Those with Asperger's have below average language skills. Those with Asperger syndrome are physically graceful. Those with Asperger syndrome often seem awkward and unsure in social situations rather than aloof as a person with Autism might be.

Those with Asperger syndrome often seem awkward and unsure in social situations rather than aloof as a person with Autism might be.

How did Renzulli theorize that giftedness arises? Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: below average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task indifference, and creativity.

Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity.

What is methadone used for? To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of alcohol To help with alcohol withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of heroin To help with nicotine withdrawal symptoms

To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms

Which of the following does NOT have a negative influence on academics? Hunger Parental substance abuse Homelessness Difficult school work Tutoring support

Tutoring support

How can developmental psychologists diagnose atypical development? Using a developmental assessment to determine if there is a difference from typical development. Conducting blood analysis to identify atypical development. Conducting genetic tests to identify mutations that have been connected with atypical development. Using an IQ test, people with a score below 85 are diagnosed with atypical development.

Using a developmental assessment to determine if there is a difference from typical development.

How is atypical development defined? When development occurs in an unexpected way during adulthood. When development occurs in an unexpected way, and exhibits an unusual pattern of behavior, emotion, or thought. When development occurs in an expected way with typical patterns of behavior. When a child shows similar development to their peers in every way.

When development occurs in an unexpected way, and exhibits an unusual pattern of behavior, emotion, or thought.

When does the use of a substance become abuse? When quitting brings withdrawal symptoms When it is extremely difficult to quit When it has negative social or work-related consequences When it's used more than once per week When a person uses more than one substance

When it has negative social or work-related consequences

When can a recurrent behavior be considered compulsive? When it prevents someone from attending social gatherings. When it has negative effects on someone's social environment. Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive. When it triggers a specific phobia.

Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a social norm? Giving gifts during the holidays You interrupt someone while she is speaking. You shake hands with a person when you meet them. You do not talk loudly in a movie theater.

You interrupt someone while she is speaking.

A general definition for giftedness is _____. a child who is gifted is sometimes born with that ability a child who is gifted is never born with that ability a child who is gifted was not born with that ability a child who is gifted was born with that ability

a child who is gifted was born with that ability

A person with a specific phobia, such as arachnophobia, has _____. an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger an inappropriately relaxed response to a normally anxiety-inducing trigger a heightened awareness to two or more triggers an out-of-proportion anxious response to a random assortment of triggers

an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger

Laura had an IQ of 100, which is considered _____. average below average above average gifted

average

Studies have shown that households with mothers who work outside the home are often more _____ than those with at-home mothers. focused and educated empty and lonely restrictive and unhappy egalitarian and structured noisy and chaotic

egalitarian and structured

Ivan was diagnosed with severe depression. He has atypical development that is _____. physical emotional behavioral cognitive

emotional

Bryan has autism, and often seems aloof and standoffish. According to experts, this is because _____. his hearing is impaired he doesn't care about other people he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy he finds other people's conversation stupid

he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy

Karen must wash her hands a total of three times before she leaves the restroom because she does not like germs. After she washes her hands three times, she applies liquid hand sanitizer. Karen suffers from _____. generalized anxiety social phobia obsessive compulsive disorder anorexia

obsessive compulsive disorder

Causing social isolation through social exclusion or spreading rumors is called _____. relational aggression cultural retreat hostile takeover hostile aggression stereotype threat

relational aggression

Olivia had a run-in with a couple of aggressive students at her middle school. She recently began complaining of headaches in the morning, which keep her home from school. Olivia is LIKELY experiencing _____. school phobia teacher phobia school anxiety separation anxiety learning avoidance

school phobia

Middle childhood lasts from age _____ to _____. ten; twelve six; ten twelve; fourteen seven; twelve

seven; twelve

Approximately _____ of children in middle childhood develop a serious anxiety. 50% 30% 5% 65% 20%

20%

A person with which condition is most likely to commit suicide? A person just diagnosed with Persistent Depressive Disorder A bipolar person in depressive episode A bipolar person in manic episode A person experiencing a major depressive episode

A bipolar person in manic episode

All of the following are examples of atypical development, EXCEPT: A broken leg Blindness Muscular dystrophy Autism

A broken leg

The single best predictor of childhood depression is having: A depressed parent A family in discord No siblings A bully at school Loss of a loved one

A depressed parent

Which is the most accurate definition of an IEP? An alternative report card for students with ADHD that assesses their kinesthetic learning The document which provides a diagnosis of the neurobehavioral disorder ADHD A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve A guide that instructs teachers on all possible effective classroom accommodations

A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve

A healthy person pretending to have symptoms is called: A quasipatient A somatic patient A pseudopatient A bipolar patient A crazy person

A pseudopatient

A student who has difficulties with inattention would likely benefit from which of the following? A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions A behavior management system which rewards the student for the amount of consecutive class periods they don't call out A chance to get up out of his or her seat and walk through the hallway two times each period A social skills curriculum to help them develop their ability to effectively interact with their classmates

A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions

_____ stress is more detrimental than _____ stress. Accumulated; long-term The absence of; accumulated Accumulated; isolated Isolated; accumulated

Accumulated; isolated

How do adolescents and adults view social norms? Both adolescents and adults are likely to engage in deviant behavior in defiance of social norms. Adolescents are more likely to engage in deviant behavior than adults because they care less about following social norms. Adolescents use social norms to help them understand and deal with the different life situations; adults are just beginning to navigate their way through experiences with social norms. Adolescents face pressure to change behaviors to match their peer groups; adults face less pressure to conform to social norms.

Adolescents face pressure to change behaviors to match their peer groups; adults face less pressure to conform to social norms.

Which of the following have been observed in children on the autism spectrum? Preferring to be alone Demonstrating repetitive (stereotypical) behavior Difficulty interpreting social cues, such as facial expressions All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Studies have shown that latchkey kids are more likely to have: Low grades Depression Anxiety All these options are correct

All these options are correct

Why does the content of classes often cause problems for children in middle childhood? Because around this time, recess is phased out, which makes children agitated. Because school work gets increasingly competitive. Because school work gets increasingly difficult. Because children are increasingly intimidated by teachers, and worry about asking for help.

Because school work gets increasingly difficult.

All of the following always represent atypical development in a child, EXCEPT: Extreme difficulty with social interactions at age 5 Being in the 10th percentile for height for age No speech at age 4 Walking begins after age 3

Being in the 10th percentile for height for age

Which of the following behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of a child with hyperactivity? The need to get out of one's seat and walk or stretch every few minutes Excessively tapping one's fingers on the desk and kicking the bottom desk Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon A student who prefers to run rather than walk and to play loudly rather than quietly.

Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon

Grouping illnesses together based on similarities is called: Diagnosis Pseudopatient Diagnosis grouping Classification Statistics

Classification

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to resilience? Cultural norms Friends Personality Family environment Counselors

Cultural norms

The book of mental illnesses used to help psychologists diagnose patients is called the: MTD MRI DTM DSM MMD

DSM

Which psychologist highlighted the issues with psychological diagnosis? David Rosenhan Alfred Binet David Hamm Erik Erikson Sigmund Freud

David Rosenhan

Why is suicide not commonly associated with depression? Most suicide is completed during episodes of Persistent Depressive Disorder. Depressed people lack the motivation to complete suicide. Suicide is not a recurrent thought during episodes of major depression. Most suicide is completed during episodes of cyclothymia.

Depressed people lack the motivation to complete suicide.

Identifying the nature and cause of an illness is called: Pseudopatient Statistics Classification Diagnosis A medical problem

Diagnosis

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a child's adjustment to changes that occur during middle childhood? It is rare for a child to have difficulty with adjustment during middle children All children experience difficulty adjusting to middle childhood in the same way Difficulty with adjustment can result in emotional problems Difficulty with adjustment is normal and does not lead to any serious issues

Difficulty with adjustment can result in emotional problems

Children under the age of _____ should not be left alone because they are not yet mature enough to handle it. Twelve Seven Ten Nine Eleven

Eleven

A social norm is described as _____. a behavior that makes people feel uncomfortable the basis of a person's culture the expected behavior of a member of a particular group an unexpected behavior occurring in a particular group

the expected behavior of a member of a particular group

Janis does not like to go out in public because she is afraid of getting kidnapped. Her fear is so severe that she rarely ever leaves her apartment, and does not trust many people. Janis' fear is _____. constant and debilitating not recognized as anxiety constant but does not interfere with daily life normal

constant and debilitating

According to Renzulli, at the _____ of above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity you will find gifted behavior. intersection cross roads end roundabout

intersection

Depressed patients have been found to possess _____. elevated levels of serotonin and low levels of norepinephrine low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine low levels of serotonin and elevated levels of norepinephrine elevated levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

The period of life between ages seven and twelve is called _____. youth middle childhood late childhood early childhood puberty

middle childhood