Chapter 6: How Cells Release Energy

The Krebs cycle not only produces ATP and electron carriers, but intermediate molecules formed in the Krebs cycle can also be used:

In pathways that manufacture amino acids or lipids.

The area between the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion is called the _______ compartment.

Intermembrane

Match the aerobic respiration step with the correct location where it occurs in the cell.

Krebs cycle in prokaryotes-cytoplasm Krebs cycle in eukaryotes- Mitochondrial matrix Electron transport in prokaryotes- Cell membrane Electron transport in eukaryotes- Inner mitochondrial membrane

NADH and FADH2 transfer ________ from the molecules of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration.

Electrons

After glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle occur, and before molecules enter the electron transport chain, what has been produced from the original glucose molecule? Select all that apply.

FADH2 NADH CO2 ATP

The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH, FADH2, and releases ________, which contains the carbon atoms remaining from the original 6-carbon glucose molecule.

Carbon dioxide

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called _______, and they greatly increase the surface area of the inner membrane.

Cristae

Glycolysis occurs in the ________ of all living cells.

Cytoplasm

Rank the 3 groups of reactions of aerobic respiration in the other they occur, beginning with the first stage of cellular respiration at the top.

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport

The actual yield of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose that completes aerobic respiration is about ______ ATP.

30

Mutations to mitochondrial DNA may cause severe disorders if the genes that encode electron transport proteins or ATP synthase are affected because _______ might not be generated.

ATP

What causes the difference between the theoretical and actual yields of ATP in aerobic respiration?

ATP is spent transporting ADP and pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix. Protons leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane without using ATP synthase.

Match the term with the correct description concerning food and energy.

ATP- Supplies power to almost all cellular activities requiring energy. Photosynthesis- Uses light energy to produce food in the form of glucose. Cellular respiration- Converts the energy in food to an energy carrier.

Plants conduct photosynthesis. Which of the following conduct cellular respiration?

Animals and Plants

Glycolysis generates _______ ATP molecule(s), but requires an input of _______ ATP molecule(s), producing a net of 2 ATP molecules per glucose.

Four; Two

Aerobic respiration captures energy from the oxidation of _______ and reduction of _______ and stores the captured energy in the bonds of ATP.

Glucose; Oxygen

Approximately 32% of the potential energy in a molecule of glucose is captured in ATP through aerobic respiration; the remainder is lost as _______.

Heat

ATP synthase is an enzyme that forms a channel for _______ ions to diffuse across a membrane and power the formation ATP.

Hydrogen

Glycolysis can occur:

In both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

The fluid enclosed bu the inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called the _______.

Matrix

The oxygen-requiring reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur in the cell's _______.

Mitochondria

What component of the mitochondrion is the arrow pointing to in the picture?

Mitochondrial matrix

Select all of the products of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle that carry electrons to the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.

NADH FADH2

The electron transport chain utilizes the ________ and ________ produced in the previous reactions of aerobic respiration.

NADH FADH2

The reactions of the Krebs cycle ________ citrate as they reduce NADH and FADH2.

Oxidize

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor, _______, combines with hydrogen ions to form water.

Oxygen

Cellular respiration uses the _______ energy in glucose to add a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.

Potential

In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into two molecules of _______, and energy is harvested as ATP and NADH.

Pyruvate

Categorize the molecules as reactants or products of glycolysis.

Reactant: Glucose NAD+ Product: Pyruvate NADH

Match the constituents of aerobic respiration with the correct description.

Reactant: O2 (oxygen) C6 H12 O6 (glucose) Product: CO2 (carbon dioxide) H2O (water) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Categorize each molecule as a reactant or product of the "transition step" in aerobic cellular respiration.

Reactant: Pyruvate Coenzyme A Product: Carbon dioxide NADH Acetyl CoA

What pathway of aerobic respiration is shown in the picture?

The electron transport chain

Match the pathways of aerobic respiration with the correct number of ATP generated during the passage of one molecule of glucose.

Theoretical total- 36 ATP Glycolysis- Produces 4 ATP but requires 2 ATP; so net 2 ATP are produced Krebs cycle- 2 ATP Electron transport- 34 ATP

True or False: Plants use a portion of the glucose they produce in photosynthesis to make ATP in cellular respiration.

True