Chapter 6 Human Cognition

procedural memory

A type of long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills. Essentially, it is the memory of how to do certain things.

What happen to memory as we get older?

As we get older, physiological changes begin to cause glitches in brain function making us believe that memories are true when in fact, we are mistaking them.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?

Episodic memory

HM and Clive Wearing

H.M famous case studies of Hippocampus damage to eliminate seizures. lost ability to form LTM. - Clive had amnesia because of herpes encephalitis.

Which of the following would most likely be a detailed long-term memory?

I was talking to a friend about 3 min ago.

implicit memory

Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously. doing something and not being able to explain how to do it.

What does the serial position curve illustrate?

The serial position curve, which looks like a "U" shows which items are remembered when presented with a long list of items. The earlier items are remembered due to primacy, the later items are remembered due to recency, and the middle items are least commonly remembered.

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory butpoor semantic memory

semantic memory

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

visual coding

coding in the mind in the form of a visual image

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect

Phoebe steps up to the golf ball and hits it down the fairway. She sees that the ball is heading towards someone, so she yells"Fore!" After her two partners hit their balls, they pick up their bags and start walking to the next hole. But Phoebe says,"Wait a minute, I haven't teed off yet." This behavior shows that Phoebe has a problem with memory.

episodic

Work with brain-injured patients reveal that _____________memory does not depend on conscious memory.

implicit and procedural

According to Tulving, the defining properties of the experience of episodic memory is that

it involves mental time travel

explicit memory

memories that we are aware of like giving someone direction. we are making someone else aware of our memories.

episodic memory

memory for one's personal past experiences

double association

patients with damage to different brain areas; shows it's the specific part of the brain that has been impacted

auditory coding

representing items in STM based on their sound

semantic coding

representing items in terms of their meaning

The most prevalent type of coding in LTM is?

semantic

constructive episodic simulation hypothesis

states that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future events

primacy effect

tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well

recency effect

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. Hisboss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only theirfirst names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their namesand that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he onlyremembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met(the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates

the build-up and release of proactive interference

Wikens et al (1976)

the main idea was to create Proactive interference which occurs when previous learn information interferes with leaning new information.

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that

we are not conscious we are using it