Chapter 6

Hand and Shavout found that Korean participants would respond most favorable to which of the following advertisement slogans?

"An exhilarating way to provide for you family."

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion. One day, he meets Celine as a party. She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD. In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes toward Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD, according to dissonance theory?

She offers him a free coupon for his next dry cleaning order in exchange for listening to it.

Which of the following is NOT used to overcome the limitations of tradition self-report methodology?

a Likert scale

A sleeper effect occurs when

a persuasive message from a non credible source becomes more persuasive over time.

An unpleasant psychological state often aroused when people hold two conflicting cognitions is called

cognitive dissonance

Which is NOT one of the four steps in the dissonance process?

elaboration

In a study about political attitudes and opinions during the 2004 presidential election, researches used brain imaging to examine what happened in the brain when participants listened to positive and negative statement about the candidate of their choice. They found that most affected were those areas of the brain associated with the following?

emotion

High self-monitors respond more to ______ advertising.

image-oriented

A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. This student's attitude toward her chosen field of study is most likely the result of

insufficient justification

Attitudes are useful because they

let us quickly judge whether something we encounter is good or bad

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which _____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

physiological arousal

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

psychological reactance.

The basic prediction of _______ theory is that attitude change occurs when people infer how they feel by observing themselves and the circumstances of their own behavior.

self-perception

Stephen Krau's (1995) meta-analysis on the relationship between attitudes and behaviors showed that attitudes

significantly and substantially predict future behavior.

Eric does not really know how to answer the essay question about cognitive dissonance on his social psychology exam. He decides to write as many facts as he knows about the topic of attitudes in his exam book, hoping that the professor will not read the exams too closely and will be impressed enough by the length of his essay to give him a good score. Eric is hoping to take advantage of

the peripheral route to persuasion

Which theory suggests that intentions to perform a behavior are BEST predicted by attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control?

theory of planned behavior

The most common approach to persuasion is

through communication from others.

Sammy and Mark watch a ballgame together. Sammy favors the home team, while Mark is an avid fan of the road team. The star player for Sammy's team makes a great play and starts to celebrate in a rather demonstrative fashion. Sammy gets caught up in the celebration, while Mark is angered because he feels this display is an insult to the players of his team. This demonstrates that

we often interpret events and behavior based upon pre-existing attitudes.

Which of the following would NOT be considered an attitude?

Dalton drives a silver minivan.

Tristan had to choose between two potential mates, Charlie and Ryan on the final episode of the original The Bachelorette. In the end, she chose Ryan. Several weeks later, a reporter interviewed Tristan about her feelings toward the two men. How will she most likely express her feelings at the time of the interview if she is trying to avoid post-decision dissonance?

Tristan suggest that she was impressed by his career and ambitions at first, but has come to realize that Charlie's busy work schedule would have been an obstacle to a successful relationship.

Yanquan is a staunch Democrat. He has been arguing with Marcela, who is a staunch Republican. In the course of their discussion, Yanquan is able to withstand the arguments Marcela offers for her position, and he does so in a strong and convincing fashion. He realizes afterward that his own counterarguments to Marcela's were pretty solid. Subsequent to their realization, Yanquan's attitude will

become more certain