Chapter 6 Life in the Industrial Age
Who were two leading realists?
Emile Zola and Henrik Ibsen
A pioneer of hospital care, safety, and hygiene was
Florence Nightengale
What popular concept idealized women and the home?
cult of domesticity
To explain the long, slow process of evolution Charles Darwin proposed the theory of
natural selection
Social gospel
idea that urged Christians to get involved in social service
What group of artists tried to capture the human eye's first perception of a scene?
impressionist artists
Dynamo
machine that generates electricity
Stock
share in company
What was the main reason for Europe's great population growth in the 1800?
the death rate fell
Women's suffrage
the focus of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
Germ Theory
the idea that microbes cause illness
John D. Rockefeller was associated with
the petroleum industry
Urban Renewal
the rebuilding of rundown areas of cities
The three social classes in Western Europe by the late 1800s were
the upper class, the middle class, and the workers and peasants
How did workers respond to harsh conditions of industrial life?
they formed unions and mutual-aid societies
The first European country outside of Britain to industrialize was
Belgium
William Wordsworth
a poet who wrote in the romantic style
Who was John Dalton?
a scientist
Impressionism
a style of painting that began in France
How did cities in the West change during the 1800s?
cities underwent urban renewal
Vincent van Gogh
a Dutch painter known for his bold colors
Romanticism
an artistic style that emphasizes emotion, imagination, beauty, and freedom
Realism
an artistic style that tries to accurately represent the world
Cartel
association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets
Charles Darwin
author of the book On the Origin of Species
Two new types of transportation developed around 1900 were
automobiles and airplanes
Racism
belief that one racial group is superior to others that influenced many Europeans and Americans in the late 1800s
Corporation
business owned by investors who buy shares of stock
Temperance movement
campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages
The main purpose for selling stock was to allow companies to raise
capital
Charles Dickens is known for his
detailed portrayals of slum life and colorful characters
Mutual-Aid Society
group formed to aid sick or injured workers
Labor laws were passed in several countries to
outlaw children and women working in mines
Henry Bessemer's contribution to industrialization was to
patent a new steelmaking process
Louis Daguerre was a pioneer in the field of
photography
Assembly Line
production method that breaks down a job into simpler parts
Simple language, intense feeling, and a love of nature characterized
romantic writers
Robert Koch
scientist who discovered the cause of tuberculosis
Louis Pasteur
scientist who linked microbes to disease
What did some critics of women's suffrage claim?
women were too emotional to vote responsibly