Chapter 6 MIS

Foreign Key

Field in a database table that enables users find related information in another database table

Information Policy

Formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization

Sentiment Analysis

Mining text comments in an e-mail message, blog, social media conversation, or survey form to detect favorable and unfavorable opinions about specific subjects

Program-Data Dependance

Refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific program required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data

Bit

Represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle

Referential Integrity

Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent

Normalization

The process of creating small stable data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database

Structured Query Language (SQL)

The standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems

File

A group of records of the same type

Entity-Relationship Diagram

A methodology for documenting databases illustrating a relationship between various entities in the database

Data Cleansing

Activities for detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. Also known as data scrubbing

Data Mining

Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior

Web Mining

Discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives

Data Definition

DBMS capability that specifies the structure and content of the database

Non-relational Database Management system

Database management system for working with large quantities of structured and unstructured data that would be difficult to analyze with a relational model

Big Data

Datasets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical relational DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. The data are often unstructured or semi-structured

Text Mining

Discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data

Attribute

Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity

Database

Is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data

Entity

Is a person, place, thing, or event on which we store and maintain information

Database Management System (DBMS)

Is software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs

Data Redundancy

Is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location

Hadoop

Open-source software framework that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across many inexpensive computers

Data Governance

Policies and processes for managing the availability, usability, integrity, and security of the firms data

Analytic Platforms

Preconfigured hardware-software system that is specifically high-speed analysis of large datasets

Byte

Represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol

Relational DBMS

Represents data as two-dimensional tables (called relations)

Tuples

Rows are commonly referred to as records, or in very technical terms

In-memory Computing

Technology for very rapid analysis and processing of large quantities of data by storing the data in the computers main memory rather than in secondary storage

Primary Key

Unique identifier for all the information in any row of a database table

Data Inconsistency

Where the same attribute may have different values

Data Quality Audit

A survey and/ or sample of files to determine accuracy and completeness of data in an information system

Data Dictionary

An automated or manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database

Data Administration

A special organizational function for managing the organizations data resources, concerned with information policy, data planning, maintenance of data dictionaries, and data quality standards

Database server

A computer in a client/server environment that is responsible for running a DBMS to process SQL statements and perform database management tasks

Key Field

A field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted

Record

A group of related fields, such as the students name, course taken, the date, and the grade

Field

A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number

Data Manipulation Language

A language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database

Data Mart

A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function or population of users