Chapter 6 MIS
Foreign Key
Field in a database table that enables users find related information in another database table
Information Policy
Formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization
Sentiment Analysis
Mining text comments in an e-mail message, blog, social media conversation, or survey form to detect favorable and unfavorable opinions about specific subjects
Program-Data Dependance
Refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific program required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data
Bit
Represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle
Referential Integrity
Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent
Normalization
The process of creating small stable data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database
Structured Query Language (SQL)
The standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems
File
A group of records of the same type
Entity-Relationship Diagram
A methodology for documenting databases illustrating a relationship between various entities in the database
Data Cleansing
Activities for detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. Also known as data scrubbing
Data Mining
Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior
Web Mining
Discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives
Data Definition
DBMS capability that specifies the structure and content of the database
Non-relational Database Management system
Database management system for working with large quantities of structured and unstructured data that would be difficult to analyze with a relational model
Big Data
Datasets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical relational DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. The data are often unstructured or semi-structured
Text Mining
Discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data
Attribute
Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity
Database
Is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data
Entity
Is a person, place, thing, or event on which we store and maintain information
Database Management System (DBMS)
Is software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs
Data Redundancy
Is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location
Hadoop
Open-source software framework that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across many inexpensive computers
Data Governance
Policies and processes for managing the availability, usability, integrity, and security of the firms data
Analytic Platforms
Preconfigured hardware-software system that is specifically high-speed analysis of large datasets
Byte
Represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol
Relational DBMS
Represents data as two-dimensional tables (called relations)
Tuples
Rows are commonly referred to as records, or in very technical terms
In-memory Computing
Technology for very rapid analysis and processing of large quantities of data by storing the data in the computers main memory rather than in secondary storage
Primary Key
Unique identifier for all the information in any row of a database table
Data Inconsistency
Where the same attribute may have different values
Data Quality Audit
A survey and/ or sample of files to determine accuracy and completeness of data in an information system
Data Dictionary
An automated or manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database
Data Administration
A special organizational function for managing the organizations data resources, concerned with information policy, data planning, maintenance of data dictionaries, and data quality standards
Database server
A computer in a client/server environment that is responsible for running a DBMS to process SQL statements and perform database management tasks
Key Field
A field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted
Record
A group of related fields, such as the students name, course taken, the date, and the grade
Field
A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number
Data Manipulation Language
A language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database
Data Mart
A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function or population of users
