Chapter 6 - Obesity Associated Diseases
What is the treatment for hypertension?
ACE treatment, angiotensin converting enzyme
What is the primary way for classifying obesity?
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2)
What are some metabolic indicators for diabetes II?
BMI: >27 BP: >130/85 Plasma Glucose: >110 mg/dl Triglycerides: >150 Waist circumference: women >35 in. men>40 in.
What are methods of determining body composition?
Bioelectrical Impedance, BOD POD, MRI
Why does obesity cause hypertension?
It is believed that obesity activates the sympathetic NS, causes sodium retention and activates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
What is Sarcopenic Obesity? What causes it?
Reduced lean body mass, "skinny fat". Happens with aging, menopause for men and women. Body rate goes down so people put on weight
What are the 3 different obesity classifications?
Sarcopenic Obesity, Normal and Hypermuscular
What is diabetes type 2?
The body is insulin resistant. When we are resistant the beta cells are burned out from secreting insulin because our body is not responding to it so they think that they need to make more. Eventually they die are degraded by macrophages
How does obesity causes arthritis?
The fat cells release leptin that cause inflammatory cytokines to be released and induce joint inflammation. Excess body fat put 4 times the weight on your joints.
What are the main obesity associated diseases covered in the course?
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Fatty Liver Disease
What are the BMI ranges ?
Underweight >18 Normal 18-25 Obese 26-30 Obese I 30-35 Obese II 35-40 Morbid >40
What is cardiovascular disease? What causes it?
When the heart, brain and legs do not get oxygen and the cells begin to die. Caused by blocked or narrows blood vessels that do not allow blood flow/oxygen, can results in heart attack or stroke.
What are the ranges for excess body fat?
Women >30% Men >20%
What are some of the other diseases that are associated with obesity?
depression, asthma, infertility, sleep apnea
What is dyslipidemia?
high cholesterol, caused by overproduction of triglycerides and the reduction of good HDL cholesterol and increase of the bad LDL
What is hyper-muscular obesity?
increases LBM, obese people tend to have increase levels of LBM.
What is arthritis and what does it cause ? What are some common types?
inflammation of the joints that causes stiffness and pain Common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is hypertension? What causes it?
when a high amount of pressure is being exerted on the blood vessel walls. Can be caused by narrow arteries, clotting, high cholesterol.
What is Fatty Liver Disease?
when a lot of fat is stored as triglycerides in the liver, can cause liver cancer.
What is normal obesity?
when body fat and LBM are in proportionate amounts
