Chapter 6: Overview of cell biology

Which of the following are functions of the cell membrane? 1. Protecting the contents of the cell from the outside environment. 2. Controlling the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell. 3. Allowing penetration by all substances into the cell A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

A. 1 and 2 only

Twenty- two different ____________ are involved in protein synthesis. A. Amino acids B. Antibodies C. Enzymes D. Hormones

A. Amino acids

The S phase of mitosis is the: A. Pre-DNA synthesis phase B. Actual DNA synthesis period C. Post- DNA synthesis phase D. Phase when DNA synthesis multiplies by a factor of 4

B. Actual DNA synthesis period

When a cell divides, the genetic- containing material contracts into tiny rod shaped bodies called: A. Golgi apparatus B. chromosomes C. Mitochondria D. Nucleotides

B. Chromosomes

Which of the following describes the nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from other parts of the cell? A. Single membrane B. Double walled membrane C. triple walled membrane D. Quadruple walled membrane

B. Double walled membrane

Interphase consists of which of the following phases? A. M, G1, and S B. G1, S, and G2 C. S, G2, and M D. G2, M, and G1

B. G1, S, and G2

The primary energy source for the cell is: A. Amino acids B. Glucose C. protein D. Phosphate

B. Glucose

Cytosine bonds only with which of the following nitrogenous organic bases? A. Adenine B. Guanine C. Thymine D. Uracil

B. Guanine

Which of the following is a process of reduction cell division? A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Molecular Synthesis D. Amniocentesis

B. Meiosis

DNA regulates cellular activity indirectly by reproducing itself in the form of ________________ ________ to carry genetic information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. A. Messenger DNA B. Messenger RNA C. Messenger REM D. Transfer RNA

B. Messenger RNA

The nucleolus contains which of the following? A. Centrosomes and mitochondria B. Ribonucleic acid and proteins C. Ribosomes and golgi bodies D. Lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

B. Ribonucleic acid and proteins

When ionizing radiation is used for therapeutic purposes to destroy malignant cells, a very significant effort using the latest advances in imaging and computer treatment planning algorithms is also made to spare healthy surrounding tissue. In radiation therapy, this concept is referred to as a(n): A. Enzyme repair effect B. Therapeutic ratio C. Tissue tolerance effect D. Malignant cell annihilation effect

B. Therapeutic ratio

In humans, how many genes are contained in all 46 chromosomes? A. Approximately 300 B. Approximately 3000 C. Approximately 30,000 D. Approximately 300,000

C. Approximately 30,000

Lipids are also referred to as: A. Amino acids B. Carbohydrates C. Fats D. Sugars

C. Fats

Which of the following cellular organelles function(s) as a cellular garbage disposal? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Mitochondria C. Lysosomes D. Ribosomes

C. Lysosomes

Which of the following is of the primary importance in maintaining adequate amounts of intracellular fluid? A. Deoxyribose B. Glucose C. Potassium D. Ribose

C. Potassium

Meiosis is the process of: A. Converting inorganic substances into organic substances. B. Identifying genes in the human genome. C. Reduction cell division D. Repairing breaks in DNA

C. Reduction cell division

In the human cell, protein synthesis occurs in which of the following locations? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria C. Ribosomes D. Endoplasmic reticulum

C. Ribosomes

Nitrogenous base pairs form the: A. Hormones needed by various endocrine glands in the body B. Mitotic spindle C. Steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladderlike structure D. Sugars the body needs for energy

C. Steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladderlike structure

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Lysosomes are sometimes referred to as "suicide bags." B. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential for sustaining life. C. The golgi apparatus or complex is the power house of the cell. D. The nucleus is the "heart" of the cell.

C. The Golgi apparatus or complex is the power house of the cell.

Water performs which of the following functions in the human body? 1. Maintains a constant core temperature of 98.6 degrees. 2. Acts as a solvent, keeping compounds dissolved so that they can more easily interact and their concentration may be regulated 3. Lubricates both the digestive system and the skeletal articulations (joints) A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

D. 1, 2, and 3

The process of locating and identifying the genes in the human genome is called: A. Gene detecting B. Gene extrapolation C. Gene tracking D. Mapping

D. Mapping

Human cells contain which four major organic compounds? A. Nucleic acids, water protein, and mineral salts B. Mineral salts, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins C. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and water D. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

D. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Carbohydrates may also be referred to as: A. lipids B. Nucleic Acids C. Hormones D. Saccharides

D. Saccharides

Approximately 80% to 85% of the weight of the human body is: A. Bone B. Fatlike substances C. Mineral Salts D. Water

D. Water

T/F: ALL CELLULAR METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OCCUR IN THE NUCLEUS.

FALSE; ALL CELLULAR METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OCCUR IN THE CYTOPLASM

T/F: ALTHOUGH CARBOHYDRATES ARE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE BODY, THEY ARE MOST ABUNDANT IN THE SPLEEN AND NERVOUS TISSUE.

FALSE; CARBOHYDRATES ARE MOST ABUNDANT IN THE LIVER AND IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE.

T/F: CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF ALL LIVING MATTER, BUT THEY ARE NOT ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE.

FALSE; CELLS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE.

T/F: SODIUM (NA) IS THE PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE HUMAN CELL.

FALSE; GLUCOSE IS THE PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE HUMAN CELL.

T/F: OXYGEN BONDS ATTACH THE NITROGENOUS BASES TO EACH OTHER AND JOIN THE TWO SIDE RAILS OF THE DNA LADDER.

FALSE; HYDROGEN BONDS ATTACH THE NITROGENOUS BASES TO EACH OTHER.

T/F: LIPIDS CONTAIN THE MOST CARBON OF ALL THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

FALSE; PROTEINS CONTAIN THE MOST CARBON OF ALL THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

T/F: RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE TO CHROMOSOMES MAY BE EVALUATED DURING TELOPHASE.

FALSE; RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE TO CHROMOSOMES MAY BE EVALUATED DURING METAPHASE.

T/F: THE SKIN IS THE BODY'S INITIAL BARRIER TO ANY OUTSIDE INVASION BY PATHOGENS; HOWEVER, ONCE THE SKIN HAS BEEN PENETRATED, THE BODY'S PRIMARY DEFENSE MECHANISM AGAINST INFECTION AND DISEASE CONSISTS OF THE HORMONES THAT CHEMICALLY ATTACK ANY FOREIGN INVADERS.

FALSE; THE BODY'S PRIMARY DEFENSE MECHANISM AGAINST INFECTION AND DISEASE IS THE ANTIBODIES.

T/F: THE CELL MEMBRANE IS VERY THICK STRUCTURE ENCASING AND SURROUNDING THE HUMAN CELL.

FALSE; THE CELL MEMBRANE IS A FRAIL, SEMIPERMEABLE, AND FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE.

T/F: DEPENDING ON THE CELL TYPE, WATER NORMALLY ACCOUNTS FOR 25% TO 30% OF PROTOPLASM.

FALSE; WATER NORMALLY ACCOUNTS FOR 80% TO 85% OF PROTOPLASM.

T/F: A NORMAL HUMAN BEING HAS 46 DIFFERENT CHROMOSOMES COMPOSED OF 23 PAIRS IN EACH SOMATIC (NON-REPRODUCTIVE) CELL.

TRUE

T/F: APPROXIMATELY 30,000 GENES ARE CONTAINED IN ALL 46 HUMAN CHROMOSOMES.

TRUE

T/F: ATP IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUSTAINING LIFE.

TRUE

T/F: CELLS ARE ENGAGED IN AN ONGOING PROCESS OF OBTAINING ENERGY AND CONVERTING IT TO SUPPORT THEIR VITAL FUNCTIONS.

TRUE

T/F: CENTROSOMES ARE LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE CELL NEAR THE NUCLEUS.

TRUE

T/F: CHROMOSOMES AND GENES ORGANIZE THE 22 DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS INTO CERTAIN SEQUENCES TO FORM THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL AND ENZYMATIC PROTEINS.

TRUE

T/F: LIPIDS ARE ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES.

TRUE

T/F: MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) TRANSFERS ITS GENETIC CODE TO ANOTHER KIND OF RNA MOLECULE, CALLED TRANSFER RNA (tRNA).

TRUE

T/F: METABOLISM IS THE BREAKING DOWN OF LARGE MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES.

TRUE

T/F: PROPER CELL FUNCTION ENABLES THE BODY TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS, OR EQUILIBRIUM.

TRUE

T/F: PROPER CELL FUNCTIONING DEPENDS ON ENZYMES.

TRUE

T/F: PROTEIN CHRACTERISTICS DETERMINE CELL CHARACTERISTICS, AND CELL CHARACTERISTICS UTIMATELY DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTIRE INDIVIDUAL.

TRUE

T/F: TAKEN AS A WHOLE, GENES CONTROL THE FORMATION OF PROTEINS IN EVERY CELL THROUGH THE INTRICATE PROCESS OF PARENTALLY SHARED GENETIC CODING.

TRUE

T/F: WATER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING A CONSTANCT BODY CORE TEMPERATURE OF 37 DEGREES CELCIUS.

TRUE

T/F: WATER LUBRICATES THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

TRUE