Chapter 6

The biological community that characterizes the arctic tundra is: 1) migrating herbivores, small mammals, and predatory birds 2) large trees 3) mosses, lichens, and dwarf woody plants 4) diverse amphibians and reptiles a. 1 and 3 b. 3 c. 4 d. 2 e. 1

a. 1 and 3

Tallgrass prairies do not occur in which of the following states? a. Florida b. Illinois c. Iowa d. Minnesota e. Kansas

a. Florida

Which of the following does not apply to a biome? a. usually confined to a relatively small geographical area b. boundaries are determined by climate barriers c. near poles temperature overrides climate d. in tropical and temperate regions precipitation is more significant then temperature e. level of ecological organization above ecosystem

a. usually confined to a relatively small geographical area

Wildfires: a. are not always damaging for natural environments b. all of these c. can have an increased negative effect due to the efforts intended to prevent them d. release nutrient minerals that are previously locked in dry organic material e. are increasing do to climate change

b. all of these

Which of the following statements about desert inhabitants is not true? a. Desert animals are typically small and nocturnal. b. Many desert plants are protected from predation by thorns and toxins. c. Desert animals typically have adaptations for conserving water, but plants require no special adaptations. d. Both annual and perennial plants live in the desert. e. All of these are true

c. Desert animals typically have adaptations for conserving water, but plants require no special adaptations.

Which of the following is not a major component of desert animal life? a. reptiles b. insects c. amphibians d. owls e. rodents

c. amphibians

Deciduous forests: a. have very little precipitation b. are not useful commercially c. have trees that shed their leaves seasonally d. are not found in the US e. have very week topsoil

c. have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

Which of the following does not apply to freshwater wetlands? a. help to purify groundwater b. anaerobic conditions c. increase potential for flooding d. accumulate organic material e. water-tolerant vegetation

c. increase potential for flooding

Which of the following characterizes both the savanna and chaparral biomes? a. moist summers and dry winters b. extensive stands of trees c. soils with high mineral content d. large herds of herbivorous mammals e. periodic fires

e. periodic fires

Which of the following organizational hierarchies is correctly listed from smallest to largest unit? a. ecosystem → biome → community → population b. biome → community → population → ecosystem c. community → population → ecosystem → biome d. ecosystem → population → community → biome e. population → community → ecosystem → biome

e. population → community → ecosystem → biome

The biome with high amounts of precipitation, large narrow-leaved evergreen trees, and epiphytes including lichens is the: a. temperate deciduous forest b. taiga c. tropical rain forest d. boreal forest e. temperate rainforest

e. temperate rainforest

Shortgrass prairies: 1) are moist grasslands with rich soil 2) are very similar to desserts 3) have native drought-resistant grasses 4) have helpful wildfires a. 3 b. 2 c. 4 d. Both 1 and 4 e. 1

a. 3

What are the two problems that override all other problems in the Everglades today? a. The Everglades receives too little water, and the water it receives is polluted with nutrient minerals from agricultural runoff. b. The Everglades urban growth and expansion of agriculture into the southernmost areas are responsible for loss of biodiversity in the area. c. The Everglades has too many foreign species crowding out natives, and as a National Park cannot expand in size. d. The Everglades receives too much water, and the water it receives comes in destructive floods due to breeches in the levee system. e. The Everglades depends on the Florida aquifer for clean, fresh water however that water is being diverted to gold courses and the aquifer is running dry.

a. The Everglades receives too little water, and the water it receives is polluted with nutrient minerals from agricultural runoff.

The dominant vegetation of the temperate rain forest includes all of the following except: a. hickory b. western hemlock c. western red cedar d. Sitka spruce e. Douglas fir

a. hickory

All of the following are fire-adapted except: a. most hardwood trees b. jack and ponderosa pines c. African savannas d. bur oak e. California chaparrals

a. most hardwood trees

Flowing-water ecosystems, especially headwater streams, receive most of their energy from: a. organic detritus b. wind c. water d. minerals e. light

a. organic detritus

Which of the following organisms are representative of the limnetic zone? a. phytoplankton and zooplankton b. cattails and other emergent vegetation c. worms, insect larvae, and crayfish d. all of these e. frogs and their tadpoles

a. phytoplankton and zooplankton

The boreal forest is located ______ the tundra. a. south of b. east of c. in conjunction with d. west of e. north of

a. south of

Coral reefs: a. may occur as barrier, fringing, or atoll formations b. all of these c. are the most diverse of all marine environments d. are found in shallow, nutrient poor, tropical waters e. protect coastlines from erosion

b. all of these

National Marine Sanctuaries include: a. fishing grounds along the continental shelf b. all of these c. kelp forests in off the coast of California d. coral reefs in the Florida Keys e. deep submarine canyons

b. all of these

Which of the following manmade structures were created to prevent flooding and provide drainage to the Florida Everglades? a. levees b. all of these c. canals d. both pump stations and levees e. pump stations

b. all of these

Which of the following would not be found exclusively in the benthic environment? a. oysters, clams, and barnacles b. nekton c. kelp forests d. coral reefs e. seagrass beds

b. nekton

What do inhabitants of the rocky intertidal zone not do to protect themselves? a. use an anchor or some other means of attachment b. none of these, all are adaptations to the rocky intertidal zone c. seal in moisture with a closing shell or other adaptations d. follow tides in and out e. hide under rocks

b. none of these, all are adaptations to the rocky intertidal zone

Which of the following is not found at the boundary between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems? a. mangrove forest b. oceanic province c. intertidal zone d. salt marsh e. estuary

b. oceanic province

A coastal body of water, partly surrounded by land, with input from both sea and fresh water is called: a. the limnetic zone b. the oceanic province c. an estuary d. a reef e. a freshwater wetland

c. an estuary

A relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by similar environmental factors regardless of where it occurs in the world is called a/an: a. population b. community c. biome d. ecosystem e. habitat

c. biome

The biomes that commonly have fire-adapted species are: a. temperate grassland, savanna, and tundra b. desert, temperate grassland, and savanna c. chaparral, temperate grassland, and savanna d. temperate grassland, chaparral, and temperate deciduous forest e. temperate grassland, savanna, and boreal forest

c. chaparral, temperate grassland, and savanna

Which of the following does not apply to headwater flowing streams? a. shallow and swift flowing b. usually highly oxygenated c. cloudy due to suspended particles d. small streams e. cold

c. cloudy due to suspended particles

Which of the following human impact is mis-matched with the detrimental effect it has had on a biome? a. oil and natural gas exploration: long-lasting injury due to slow regeneration of the tundra b. mining, drilling for gas and oil, and farming: loss of boreal forest (deforestation) c. hunting and fishing: desertification of the savanna, tropical grasslands d. overharvesting of old-growth forest: loss of temperate rain forest habitat for endangered and threatened species e. off-road vehicle damage and military exercises: erosion and loss of vegetation in the desert

c. hunting and fishing: desertification of the savanna, tropical grasslands

Which of the following does not apply to the tundra biome? a. tundra plants seldom grow taller than 30 cm (12 in) b. harsh winters and short summers c. no permafrost d. few species are found e. the biome is dominated by mosses, lichens, sedges and grasses

c. no permafrost

The deepest zone in a large lake, below where the sunlight penetrates, is the: a. intertidal zone b. littoral zone c. profundal zone. d. benthic zone e. limnetic zone

c. profundal zone.

The most fundamental division in aquatic ecology is a. estuaries b. biomes c. salinity d. sunlight e. differences in sea life

c. salinity

The biome most suitable for the development of farmland is: a. tundra b. taiga c. temperate grassland d. tropical rain forest e. chaparral

c. temperate grassland

The thermocline is the layer in a lake at which: a. light no longer penetrates enough for photosynthesis to occur b. the oxygen level is the lowest c. the warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone d. pollutants are trapped and held e. nutrient levels are the lowest

c. the warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone

Transpiration is the most important source of precipitation for which biome? a. savanna b. tundra c. tropical rain forest d. tropical desert e. chaparral

c. tropical rain forest

All of the following apply to the tundra biome except: a. nutrient-poor soils b. long, harsh winters and short cool summers c. permafrost d. abundant average precipitation of 75 to 125 cm (30 to 50 in) per year e. little organic matter

d. abundant average precipitation of 75 to 125 cm (30 to 50 in) per year

Which biome is mismatched with the statement that follows it? a. desert: plant cover is sparse and soil is low in organic material but high in mineral content b. tundra: most fragile biome on this planet c. tropical grassland: trees and grasses have fire-adapted features such as extensive underground root systems. d. boreal forest: well suited for agriculture because of short growing season and mineral-poor soil e. tropical rain forest - plants grow in layers: canopy, understory

d. boreal forest: well suited for agriculture because of short growing season and mineral-poor soil

The boreal forest: a. has a layer of permafrost b. is well suited for conversion to agriculture c. cannot support amphibians or reptiles d. has numerous ponds and lakes formed by grinding ice sheets e. has warm winters

d. has numerous ponds and lakes formed by grinding ice sheets

Ecosystem services supported by the estuarine environment include all of the following except: a. biological habitat b. storm buffering c. groundwater supply d. marinas e. trapping pollution

d. marinas

The biomes known for supporting herds of grazing animals are: a. savanna and tropical rain forest b. temperate grassland and temperate deciduous forest c. temperate deciduous forest and boreal forest d. temperate grassland and savanna e. boreal forest and temperate grassland

d. temperate grassland and savanna

The benthic environment includes all the following accept a. the abyssal zone b. the bathyal zone c. the hadal zone d. the bendal e. the ocean floor from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean trenches

d. the bendal

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of desert animals? a. they are active throughout the day and night b. rodents are the only group of mammals represented in this biome c. they tend to be quite large in size d. they remain inactive during the driest months of the year e. amphibians and reptiles are absent

d. they remain inactive during the driest months of the year

Which of the following pairs is incorrect? a. supratidal (splash zone) - cyanobacteria b. euphotic zone - photosynthesis c. subtidal zone - sea urchins d. tide pool - spider crabs e. intertidal zone - mussels

d. tide pool - spider crabs

Which of the following biomes has the highest biodiversity? a. savanna b. taiga c. temperate deciduous forest d. tropical rain forest e. tropical desert

d. tropical rain forest

Which of the following is not important in determining the distribution of organisms in aquatic biomes? a. light penetration b. salinity c. mineral nutrient concentrations d. water e. waves and currents

d. water

Which of the following does not apply to the profundal zone of a large lake? a. it is the deepest zone b. no light penetration c. a mineral-rich zone d. lacks oxygen (anaerobic) e. effective recycling of minerals

e. effective recycling of minerals

Chaparral biomes occur: a. only in the immediate area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea b. in areas with very fertile soil and a deep topsoil layer c. in regions with low levels of annual precipitation d. in areas where fires are almost nonexistent e. in regions around the globe with mild, rainy winters, followed by hot, dry summers

e. in regions around the globe with mild, rainy winters, followed by hot, dry summers

Which of the following is not a source of human impact on the marine environment? a. coastal development, both residential and industrial b. trash c. global warming d. chemical pollution from pesticides, heavy metals, and synthetic chemicals e. increased levels of O2

e. increased levels of O2

Soil in deserts: a. often contains large amounts of humus b. is high in organic material c. supports extensive vegetation d. all of these e. is high in mineral content

e. is high in mineral content

Wetlands are important for all of the following reasons except: a. they sometimes detoxify substances in the water b. they support high species diversity c. they reduce flooding by slowing the velocity of runoff water d. they help recharge groundwater aquifers e. they contribute to asymmetry in urban communities

e. they contribute to asymmetry in urban communities