Chapter 6: Religions

Which of the following statements about religious conflict in the Middle East is NOT true? a) The Palestinian Authority is a neutral body engaged in arbitrating differences over the settlements in the West Bank. b) Palestinians are divided politically into two recognized political parties, Fatah and Hamas. c) The United States, Europe, and Israel regard Hamas as a terrorist group. d) Palestinians live in the 1967 captured territories of the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. e) Some Palestinians are Israeli citizens of Arab descent.

a) The Palestinian Authority is a neutral body engaged in arbitrating differences over the settlements in the West Bank.

Which of the following environmental or cultural factors may NOT influence practices to dispose of the dead? a) freedom to openly practice religion b) permanent settlements c) availability of firewood for cremation d) beliefs about life after death e) availability of open land for burial and permanent graveyards

a) freedom to openly practice religion

Religions that incorporate pilgrimages into their rituals emphasize travel to what sort of shrine? a) locations important in the life of the religions' founder b) the site of future communities of faith c) a site where donations are accepted to support the work of the church d) rivers important in the history of the religion e) the site of destroyed temples

a) locations important in the life of the religions' founder

Most Buddhist religious functions are performed by a) monks. b) parents. c) government designated teachers. d) government officials. e) members of the general public.

a) monks.

The Baha'i calendar contains 19 months, and New Year begins on a) the first day of spring. b) the first day of summer. c) the first day of January. d) the first day of autumn. e) the first day of winter.

a) the first day of spring.

In contrast to Europe, the percentage of Muslims who migrate to North America is approximately a) 15%. b) 1%. c) 50%. d) 25%. e) 10%.

b) 1%.

The ethnic religion which has the most adherents worldwide is Islam. a) Islam b) Hinduism. c) Confucianism. d) Taoism. e) Shintoism.

b) Hinduism.

Which religious affiliation has the highest percentage of international migrants? a) Buddhist b) Jewish c) Muslim d) Hindu e) Christian

b) Jewish

Buddhism is founded on the Four Noble Truths, which include all but a) all living things must endure suffering. b) Nirvana is attained as a community of believers, it is not an individual pursuit. c) suffering leads to rebirth. d) Nirvana is attained through an eightfold path. e) Nirvana is the goal.

b) Nirvana is attained as a community of believers, it is not an individual pursuit.

Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of a) Roman Catholics from Canada and the northeastern United States. b) Roman Catholics from Mexico and Latin America. c) Roman Catholics from Ireland. d) Roman Catholics from Quebec. e) Roman Catholics from France.

b) Roman Catholics from Mexico and Latin America.

Which statement most accurately describes the basis of conflict between Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem? a) Both resent intervention by the United Nations, but for different reasons. b) The most sacred sites for Islam were built on top of the most sacred site for Judaism. c) Islam's Temple Mount is under Jewish control while Judaism's Second Temple is under Muslim control. d) The destruction of the Western Wall has led to centuries of resentment. e) The current geography of Jerusalem limits Jews' access to the First Temple.

b) The most sacred sites for Islam were built on top of the most sacred site for Judaism.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the differences between the branches of Buddhism? a) Mahayanas cite Buddha's compassion. b) Theravadists regard themselves as the "greater vehicle" while Mahayanas are the "lesser vehicle." c) Mahayanas emphasize Buddha's later years of teaching and helping others. d) Theravadists emphasize Buddha's life of self-help and years of solitary introspection. e) Theravadists cite Buddha's wisdom.

b) Theravadists regard themselves as the "greater vehicle" while Mahayanas are the "lesser vehicle."

Religion is an element of cultural diversity that has led to conflict in some regions because a) religion always represents the most traditional worldviews of a population. b) adherents of one religion may try to organize space or society in a way that differs from other groups. c) all religions compete for control of territory and attempt to convert as many people as possible. d) many people follow more than one religion or have non-religious ideas. e) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.

b) adherents of one religion may try to organize space or society in a way that differs from other groups.

The Protestant branch of Christianity is believed to have originated with a) European emigration after the Potato Famine. b) the principles of Reformation and the theses of Martin Luther. c) Ferdinand and Isabella funding of Columbus's voyages. d) the rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople. e) a surge in religion after the Black Plague.

b) the principles of Reformation and the theses of Martin Luther.

Oneida, New York, and New Harmony, Indiana, were founded as a) sustainable agriculture centers. b) utopian settlements. c) Baha'i houses of worship d) Quaker settlements. e) centers for the suffrage movement.

b) utopian settlements.

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to a) Fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian churches. b) Eastern Orthodoxy. c) Christianity. d) Roman Catholicism. e) Protestantism. Submit

c) Christianity.

Choose which generalization about the distribution of world religions is most accurate. a) There are proportionately more Muslims in North America than in Europe. b) Once a part of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has more Christians than Muslims. c) In East Asia, more than one-half of the people are unaffiliated with any religion. d) There are equal numbers of Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims in North America. e) Europe has a larger percentage of the world's Hindu adherents than the world's Muslims.

c) In East Asia, more than one-half of the people are unaffiliated with any religion.

Although the Ganges is the most holy river for Hindus, the religion may have its roots in which river valley? a) Godavari b) Krishna c) Indus d) Narmada e) Brahamputra

c) Indus

Of the following Protestant denominations of Christianity, which follows a more intermediate degree of autonomy? a) Methodist b) Church of Christ c) Presbyterian d) Lutheran e) Baptist

c) Presbyterian

The beliefs associated with the origin of the universe are known as a) rituals. b) utopia. c) cosmogony. d) primal-indigenous religion. e) monotheistic practice.

c) cosmogony.

From a common hearth in Southwest Asia, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share the belief a) that polygamy is contrary to God's word. b) of undergoing a pilgrimage to achieve salvation. c) that Adam was the first man and Abraham his descendent. d) that their founders were persecuted and sacrificed. e) in taking holy communion.

c) that Adam was the first man and Abraham his descendent.

This holiday that marks a time when the sun seems to "stand still," and creates the longest hours of darkness and fewest hours of light of the year, is celebrated by pagans. a) a solar eclipse b) the vernal equinox c) the winter solstice d) the autumnal equinox e) the summer solstice

c) the winter solstice

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding historically black churches in the United States? a) they chose to have different churches that used African languages b) they were founded by escaped slaves c) they developed unique forms of worship distinct from other churches d) they were integrated into existing white churches in the south after 1800 e) they evolved into a new religion that is not considered Christian

c) they developed unique forms of worship distinct from other churches

The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religion? a) ethnic b) monotheistic c) universalizing d) traditional e) animist

c) universalizing

The diffusion of Buddhism eastward to China began only a) when Asoka mandated Buddhism as the official religion. b) when the Magadhan Empire collapsed. c) when trade routes were actively traveled. d) when it lost its support in India. e) after the texts were translated into Chinese.

c) when trade routes were actively traveled.

Which of the following Asian religions would be classified as universalizing? a) Confucianism b) Shintoism c) Daoism d) Buddhism e) Hinduism

d) Buddhism

The universalizing religion with the most adherents worldwide is a) Islam. b) Shintoism. c) Hinduism. d) Christianity. e) Buddhism.

d) Christianity.

Which of the following elements of the local landscape have significant influence on Israeli attitudes towards its neighbors? a) the highlands and their proximity to Egypt b) Israel's beaches and port cities of the West Bank c) the location of Israel's capital city and control of the Jordan River Valley d) Israel's narrow strips of territory and small overall size e) the separation barrier and lack of affordable housing

d) Israel's narrow strips of territory and small overall size

Which statement best describes characteristics of the world's largest ethnic religion? a) a group of relatively little-known religions that includes Shamanism and Paganism b) a monotheistic religion that is also historically related to two of the largest universalizing religions c) a group of religions that are apparently based on monotheistic concepts but also have a hierarchy of divinities below the supreme god as well as "animist" beliefs d) Over 90 percent of the adherents of this religion are clustered in only one country. e) a blending of Buddhism (a universalizing religion) and a combination of other traditional cultural practices and ideologies

d) Over 90 percent of the adherents of this religion are clustered in only one country.

Use Figure 6-9 to answer the question. Which of the following describes the main characteristic that distinguishes the landscape of Quebec from the landscape of neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States? a) The toponyms in Quebec indicate it may align with France. b) The province is not predominantly Christian. c) The United States displays numerous examples of religious tolerance. d) Quebec has numerous religious toponyms. e) Quebec has toponyms derived from non Indo-European languages.

d) Quebec has numerous religious toponyms.

Use Figure 6-1 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding religious adherents among the world's population? a) There are more Muslims than Christians. b) About half of the people are nonreligious. c) There are more Catholics than Muslims. d) There are more Muslims than Hindus. e) There are more Buddhists than Hindus.

d) There are more Muslims than Hindus.

Which statement describes characteristics of sacred places that Islam and Buddhism have in common? a) They include only the cities where their founders were born and died. b) They are places that were directly linked to events in their founders' lives. c) They are the places where the founder is thought to have performed miracles. d) They derive from the distinctive physical environment of their hearth. e) They are located outside of cities where followers conduct pilgrimages to get away from large crowds and engage in personal meditation and prayer.

d) They derive from the distinctive physical environment of their hearth.

Chinese tradition and African traditional represent which type of religion? a) unaffiliated b) universalizing c) syncretic d) folk e) ethnic

d) folk

Use Figure 6-3: Most Numerous Religions by Region to answer the question. Which statement about religion in Latin America is TRUE? a) about one- fourth of the people are Christian, one- fourth non-religious, and the remainder practice folk religions b) the great majority of the people are non-religious c) nearly all of the people practice folk religions d) nearly all of the people are Christian e) the population is almost equally divided between Christians and Muslims

d) nearly all of the people are Christian

The Crusades were an ultimately unsuccessful series of European Christian military campaigns against Islamic forces to regain control of a) Europe. b) the Arabian Peninsula. c) the Mediterranean trade. d) the Holy Land. e) the Nile.

d) the Holy Land.

The former Soviet Union exemplified conflict between secular and religious social forces because a) when Communism ended, the government confiscated church property. b) following the Bolshevik Revolution, the government required everyone to attend church. c) when Communism ended, people were free to ignore the teachings of the church. d) the government philosophy of Marxism viewed religion as a threat and thereby restricted participation. e) Large numbers of Soviet young people openly practiced religion and attended church services every Sunday.

d) the government philosophy of Marxism viewed religion as a threat and thereby restricted participation.

Indicate which of the following pairs of religions and places of worship or meditation is INCORRECT. a) Sikh - gurdwara b) Buddhism - pagoda c) Judaism - synagogue d) Islam - mosque e) Baha'i - temple

e) Baha'i - temple

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding recent migration patterns for Muslims? a) A very small percent of Islamic migrants move to North America. b) Muslim migrants from Morocco often move to France or Spain. c) Saudi Arabia attracts the largest number of Muslim migrants, especially from Egypt. d) Southwest Asia and North Africa attract about one-third of all Muslim migrants. e) Because South Asia is home to a high percentage of Muslims, the majority of adherents prefer to migrate there.

e) Because South Asia is home to a high percentage of Muslims, the majority of adherents prefer to migrate there.

Which of the following examples represents an instance where government policies clashed with Hindu religious values? a) governments balancing secular and religious traditions in the writing of laws in Central Asia to protect the rights of Hindus b) the government of the Soviet Union eliminating the official church-state connection that had been forged by Peter the Great c) destruction of Hindu temples and monasteries in Xizang Province of Tibet d) conflict between communist values and Hindu beliefs in China e) British colonial administrators challenging traditional religious concepts in India

e) British colonial administrators challenging traditional religious concepts in India

The core of Islamic faith rests on two principles that are geographic including prayer in the direction of Mecca (salat). What is the other pillar of geographic significance? a) Shahadah b) Zakat c) Hegira d) Sawm of Ramadan e) Hajj

e) Hajj

Which of the following statements best describes the status of religion in Tibet? a) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province. b) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law. c) The population has become almost entirely atheist since the Chinese invasion. d) The majority observe Confucianism and only a few practice Buddhism. e) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.

e) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.

Use the map in Figure 6-7 to answer the question. In just over 200 years, Islam spread westward following which diffusion sequence? a) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia b) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia c) North Africa, Central Europe, and Southeast Asia d) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe e) Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Southwestern Europe

e) Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Southwestern Europe

Which of the following statements best supports a geographic interpretation of the conflict in the Middle East? a) Since Israel's inception, its territory has been continually reduced in size by the encroachment of its neighbors. b) Israel-Palestine has been peacefully occupied since the time of the Roman Empire, so the conflict is based on modern political disagreements. c) The United Nations agreed in 1947 to make Palestine a Jewish state with Jerusalem as its capital, thus precipitating the conflict. d) Israel has attacked its neighbors four times since its inception and has refused to sign peace treaties with any of its neighbors. e) To some extent, the hostility among Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Middle East stems from their shared heritage and connections to Jerusalem.

e) To some extent, the hostility among Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Middle East stems from their shared heritage and connections to Jerusalem.

Use Figure 6-4 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding the distribution of religions and branches in Europe? a) about half of the people in Europe are Catholic and half are Protestant b) most of the people in the eastern part of Europe are Catholic c) most of the people in Ireland are Protestant d) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant e) northwestern Europe is mostly Protestant

e) northwestern Europe is mostly Protestant

When the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into two states, Jerusalem was designated as an international city under the control of a) a British Mandate. b) a joint administration. c) the Palestinian administration. d) an Israeli administration. e) the United Nations administration.

e) the United Nations administration.

Able-bodied Muslims are expected to make the Hajj to Mecca where they can see a) the tomb of Muhammad and the well of Xanadu. b) mosques that are rarely visited or open to the public. c) where Buddha was born and reached Enlightenment. d) a shrine to the Angel Gabriel. e) where Muhammad was born and the al-Ka'ba.

e) where Muhammad was born and the al-Ka'ba.

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. Many regions of the world are home to a diverse composition of religions. Which of the following regions is an exception to this trend? a) North America b) Sub-Saharan Africa c) East Asia d) South Asia e) Southeast Asia

a) North America

Which of the following religions has hierarchical structure? a) Sikhism b) Judaism c) Catholicism d) Hinduism e) Jainism

c) Catholicism

Which of the following is considered a branch of Christianity? a) Theravadist b) Druze c) Shi'ite d) Judaism e) Eastern Orthodox

e) Eastern Orthodox

Which of the following is an ethnic religion? a) Christianity b) Baha'i c) Islam d) Buddhism e) Judaism

e) Judaism