Chapter 6 SMARTBOOK

A heat rash is localized to areas of the body that _____

are covered with clothing

A symptom of severe hypothermia is ______

arrythmia

The weights of an athlete should me measured _______

before and after practice

Heat cramps occur commonly in the ______

calf and abdomen

In convective heat exchange, body heat _______

can be lost or gained

Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by _____

catabolic destruction of skeletal muscle

Mild hyperthermia is a characteristic of ______

heat exhaustion

When the temperature and radiant heat of the environment become ______, the loss of body heat becomes highly dependent on the process of sweat evaporation

high than body temperature

Exercise-associated _______ is a condition involving a fluid disorder that results in an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood

hyponatremia

A lightning detector is a handheld instrument with an electronic system to _______

identify the presence of lightning strikes

Exercise-associated hyponatremia is most often caused by ______

ingesting a lot of fluid before, during, and after exercise

Which of the following are injuries that seem to occur more frequently in athletes competing on an artificial surface?

-Abrasion -Turf toe

Identify the signs and symptoms of moderate and severe hypothermia

-Cessation of shivering -Slurred speech -Decreased blood pressure -Very cold skin upon palpitation

In the context of the sun exposure on the skin, everyone over six months of age should use sunscreen because _______

60 to 80 percent of lifetime sun exposure is obtained by age of 20

In mild hypothermia, rectal temperature will be between ______

98.66 degrees to 95.6 degrees

______ indicates dehydration in an athlete

A loss of greater than 2% of body weight

Identify a true statement in the context of selecting appropriate uniforms for athletes

All early-season practices should be conducted in lightweight uniforms

______ must be considered when determining individual susceptibility to heat stress

Body build

_______ can help prevent heat rashes from developing in an athlete's body

Continually toweling the body

______ occurs when a mass of either air or water moves around an individual

Convective heat exchange

______ is a serious injury, indicating tissues that are frozen and requires immediate hospitalization of the affected person

Deep frostbite

Identify the areas affected by frost nip in an athlete

Ears, nose, and cheeks

Identify a true statement about heat cramps

Evidence shows that heat cramps are likely caused by muscle fatigue that alters neuromuscular control rather than a fluid or electrolyte imbalance

______ is a moderate form of heat illness that occurs from environment heat stress and strenuous physical exercise

Exertional heat exhaustion

True of false: In the context of heatstroke, the longer that the body temperature is elevated to 105 degrees or higher, the lower the mortality rate of victims heatstroke

False

True or False: Hyperthermia is not fatal and can be cured easily

False

True or false: An athlete who has recovered from an exertional heat exhaustion can immediately return to play

False

True or false: Weight loss to make a predetermined weight limit is better achieved through dehydration

False

How is wet bulb temperature recorded?

From a thermometer with wet wick or gauze wrapped around its end

A damp, freezing cold weather condition can result in _______

Frost nip

Dry temperatures well below freezing can result in ______

Frostbite

______ is associated with rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat

Heat syncope

______ is a condition in which, for one reason or another, body temperature is elevated

Hyperthermia

Identify a characteristic of deep frostbite

It can develop necrosis causing a loss of tissue

Identify a characteristic of radiant heat exchange from sunshine

It causes an increase in body temperature

Identify a true statement about sun exposure on the skin

It causes premature aging of the skin

Identify a characteristic of exertional heatstroke

It is a serious, life-threatening emergency

Identify a true statement about the sickle-cell trait

It is benign in nature

Identify a true statement about mild hyperthermia

It is characterized by a rectal temperature of less than 105 degrees

In the context of synthetic turf, identify a true statement about resilient infill turf

It is made of polyethylene and polypropylene yarns that sit on a base of sand

Identify a true statement about the heating effects of radiation

It is much greater in the sunshine than in the shade

How is globe temperature recorded?

It is recorded from a thermometer with a black metal casing around its end

Identify a characteristic of exertional heat exhaustion

It occurs as a result of dehydration

Identify a true statement about acute exertional rhabdomyolysis

It occurs during intense physical exercise in humid conditions

Identify a true statement about an appropriately formulated sports drink

It replaces both the fluids and the electrolytes in the body that are lost in the sweat

Identify a true statement about rehydration as a part of the process to treat an athlete suffering from exertional heat exhaustion

It should begin immediately with water (not with sports drink if they feel nauseated)

Identify a true statement about the guidelines for athletes who want to intentionally lose weight

It should not be accomplished by dehydration

Identify a characteristic of the acclimatization process undertaken by athletes

It should start well before the advent of a competitive season

Identify a true statement about the premature aging of the skin due to long-term exposure to ultraviolet ligth

Lightly pigmented individuals are most susceptible

Identify a symptom of chilblain

Skin redness

How is dry bulb temperature recorded?

Standard mercury thermometer

______ involve only the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Superficial frostbites

Identify a true statement about superficial frostbites

Symptoms of superficial frostbites include edema and redness or mottled gray skin appearance

When do athletes get frost nip?

Where there is a high wind, severe cold, or both

In the context of altitude illness, the sickle-cell trait relates to an ______

abnormality of the structure if the red blood cells

During _______, sweat glands in the skin allow water to be transported to the surface, where it takes large quantities of heat with it.

evaporative heat loss

Hyponatremia can be avoided completely by ensuring that ______,

fluid intake during exercise does not exceed fluid loss

Heat syncope in an athlete can be relived by _______

laying the athlete down in a cool environment

The possibility of death from heatstroke can be significantly reduced if the victim's body temperature is ______

lowered to 102 degrees or less within 30 minutes after collapse

If the metabolic rate in a body is high, __________

more heat is produced

Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by _______

muscle breakdown

Heat syncope is caused by ______

peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels

The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides an athletic trainer with an objective means for determining ______

precautions for practice in hot weather

One of the most serious effects of long-term exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light is ______

premature aging

Gradual acclimatization of athletes to avoid heat illness should involve _______ over a 7- to 14-day period

progressive exposure

Chilblain results from _______

prolonged and constant exposure to cold for more than 60 minutes with the temperature at 50 degrees or less

Exertional heatstroke is induced by ______

strenuous physical exercise

Skin areas of an athlete that are affected by frost nip can be treated by ______

sustained pressure of the hand or by blowing hot breath on the spot

Uniforms for athletes should be selected on the basis of _______

temperature and humidity

Normal metabolic function in body results in ______

the production and radiation of heat

Local cooling of the body can result in ______

tissue damage

When rewarming an individual suffering from mild hypothermia, apply heat only to the ______

trunk and other areas of heat transfer

Athletes _______ are particularly prone to heat illness

with a large muscle mass

Identify the reasons an athlete to choose sports drink over water

-Flavor -Effectiveness

Identify the characteristic of lightning detectors

-If it flashes in the 0-6 range, it is considered to be a threatening environmental condition -It determines whether the storm is moving toward, away from, or parallel to a position

Identify the signs and symptoms of hypothermia

-Mild amnesia -Vigorous shivering -Lethargy

Identify the steps involved in treating an individual with mild hypothermia

-Move the individual to a warm environment -Remove wet or damp clothing -Use blankets for rewarming

______ is a rare, genetically inherited muscle disorder that causes hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environments

Malignant hyperthermia

Which of the following are signs of exercise-associated hyponatremia?

Progressively worsening headache and nesea

Identify a true statement about the newer psychrometers that use digital sensors

Recording the temperature takes about 90 seconds

Identify a symptom that would indicate the occurrence of frost nip in an athlete

The skin peels or blisters in 24 to 72 hours

Which of the following is an advantage of using newer psychrometers that use digital sensors?

They are easy to use an inexpensive

Identify a characteristic of heat cramps

They are extremely painful muscle spasms

True or false: An athlete who experiences heat cramps has difficulty returning ti practice or competition for the remainder of the day

True

True or false: An athlete who experiences heat cramps has difficulty returning to practice or competition for the remainder of the day

True

Heat syncope occurs when an athlete _______

stands in the heat for long periods of time