Chapter 6 SMARTBOOK
A heat rash is localized to areas of the body that _____
are covered with clothing
A symptom of severe hypothermia is ______
arrythmia
The weights of an athlete should me measured _______
before and after practice
Heat cramps occur commonly in the ______
calf and abdomen
In convective heat exchange, body heat _______
can be lost or gained
Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by _____
catabolic destruction of skeletal muscle
Mild hyperthermia is a characteristic of ______
heat exhaustion
When the temperature and radiant heat of the environment become ______, the loss of body heat becomes highly dependent on the process of sweat evaporation
high than body temperature
Exercise-associated _______ is a condition involving a fluid disorder that results in an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood
hyponatremia
A lightning detector is a handheld instrument with an electronic system to _______
identify the presence of lightning strikes
Exercise-associated hyponatremia is most often caused by ______
ingesting a lot of fluid before, during, and after exercise
Which of the following are injuries that seem to occur more frequently in athletes competing on an artificial surface?
-Abrasion -Turf toe
Identify the signs and symptoms of moderate and severe hypothermia
-Cessation of shivering -Slurred speech -Decreased blood pressure -Very cold skin upon palpitation
In the context of the sun exposure on the skin, everyone over six months of age should use sunscreen because _______
60 to 80 percent of lifetime sun exposure is obtained by age of 20
In mild hypothermia, rectal temperature will be between ______
98.66 degrees to 95.6 degrees
______ indicates dehydration in an athlete
A loss of greater than 2% of body weight
Identify a true statement in the context of selecting appropriate uniforms for athletes
All early-season practices should be conducted in lightweight uniforms
______ must be considered when determining individual susceptibility to heat stress
Body build
_______ can help prevent heat rashes from developing in an athlete's body
Continually toweling the body
______ occurs when a mass of either air or water moves around an individual
Convective heat exchange
______ is a serious injury, indicating tissues that are frozen and requires immediate hospitalization of the affected person
Deep frostbite
Identify the areas affected by frost nip in an athlete
Ears, nose, and cheeks
Identify a true statement about heat cramps
Evidence shows that heat cramps are likely caused by muscle fatigue that alters neuromuscular control rather than a fluid or electrolyte imbalance
______ is a moderate form of heat illness that occurs from environment heat stress and strenuous physical exercise
Exertional heat exhaustion
True of false: In the context of heatstroke, the longer that the body temperature is elevated to 105 degrees or higher, the lower the mortality rate of victims heatstroke
False
True or False: Hyperthermia is not fatal and can be cured easily
False
True or false: An athlete who has recovered from an exertional heat exhaustion can immediately return to play
False
True or false: Weight loss to make a predetermined weight limit is better achieved through dehydration
False
How is wet bulb temperature recorded?
From a thermometer with wet wick or gauze wrapped around its end
A damp, freezing cold weather condition can result in _______
Frost nip
Dry temperatures well below freezing can result in ______
Frostbite
______ is associated with rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat
Heat syncope
______ is a condition in which, for one reason or another, body temperature is elevated
Hyperthermia
Identify a characteristic of deep frostbite
It can develop necrosis causing a loss of tissue
Identify a characteristic of radiant heat exchange from sunshine
It causes an increase in body temperature
Identify a true statement about sun exposure on the skin
It causes premature aging of the skin
Identify a characteristic of exertional heatstroke
It is a serious, life-threatening emergency
Identify a true statement about the sickle-cell trait
It is benign in nature
Identify a true statement about mild hyperthermia
It is characterized by a rectal temperature of less than 105 degrees
In the context of synthetic turf, identify a true statement about resilient infill turf
It is made of polyethylene and polypropylene yarns that sit on a base of sand
Identify a true statement about the heating effects of radiation
It is much greater in the sunshine than in the shade
How is globe temperature recorded?
It is recorded from a thermometer with a black metal casing around its end
Identify a characteristic of exertional heat exhaustion
It occurs as a result of dehydration
Identify a true statement about acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
It occurs during intense physical exercise in humid conditions
Identify a true statement about an appropriately formulated sports drink
It replaces both the fluids and the electrolytes in the body that are lost in the sweat
Identify a true statement about rehydration as a part of the process to treat an athlete suffering from exertional heat exhaustion
It should begin immediately with water (not with sports drink if they feel nauseated)
Identify a true statement about the guidelines for athletes who want to intentionally lose weight
It should not be accomplished by dehydration
Identify a characteristic of the acclimatization process undertaken by athletes
It should start well before the advent of a competitive season
Identify a true statement about the premature aging of the skin due to long-term exposure to ultraviolet ligth
Lightly pigmented individuals are most susceptible
Identify a symptom of chilblain
Skin redness
How is dry bulb temperature recorded?
Standard mercury thermometer
______ involve only the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Superficial frostbites
Identify a true statement about superficial frostbites
Symptoms of superficial frostbites include edema and redness or mottled gray skin appearance
When do athletes get frost nip?
Where there is a high wind, severe cold, or both
In the context of altitude illness, the sickle-cell trait relates to an ______
abnormality of the structure if the red blood cells
During _______, sweat glands in the skin allow water to be transported to the surface, where it takes large quantities of heat with it.
evaporative heat loss
Hyponatremia can be avoided completely by ensuring that ______,
fluid intake during exercise does not exceed fluid loss
Heat syncope in an athlete can be relived by _______
laying the athlete down in a cool environment
The possibility of death from heatstroke can be significantly reduced if the victim's body temperature is ______
lowered to 102 degrees or less within 30 minutes after collapse
If the metabolic rate in a body is high, __________
more heat is produced
Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by _______
muscle breakdown
Heat syncope is caused by ______
peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels
The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides an athletic trainer with an objective means for determining ______
precautions for practice in hot weather
One of the most serious effects of long-term exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light is ______
premature aging
Gradual acclimatization of athletes to avoid heat illness should involve _______ over a 7- to 14-day period
progressive exposure
Chilblain results from _______
prolonged and constant exposure to cold for more than 60 minutes with the temperature at 50 degrees or less
Exertional heatstroke is induced by ______
strenuous physical exercise
Skin areas of an athlete that are affected by frost nip can be treated by ______
sustained pressure of the hand or by blowing hot breath on the spot
Uniforms for athletes should be selected on the basis of _______
temperature and humidity
Normal metabolic function in body results in ______
the production and radiation of heat
Local cooling of the body can result in ______
tissue damage
When rewarming an individual suffering from mild hypothermia, apply heat only to the ______
trunk and other areas of heat transfer
Athletes _______ are particularly prone to heat illness
with a large muscle mass
Identify the reasons an athlete to choose sports drink over water
-Flavor -Effectiveness
Identify the characteristic of lightning detectors
-If it flashes in the 0-6 range, it is considered to be a threatening environmental condition -It determines whether the storm is moving toward, away from, or parallel to a position
Identify the signs and symptoms of hypothermia
-Mild amnesia -Vigorous shivering -Lethargy
Identify the steps involved in treating an individual with mild hypothermia
-Move the individual to a warm environment -Remove wet or damp clothing -Use blankets for rewarming
______ is a rare, genetically inherited muscle disorder that causes hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environments
Malignant hyperthermia
Which of the following are signs of exercise-associated hyponatremia?
Progressively worsening headache and nesea
Identify a true statement about the newer psychrometers that use digital sensors
Recording the temperature takes about 90 seconds
Identify a symptom that would indicate the occurrence of frost nip in an athlete
The skin peels or blisters in 24 to 72 hours
Which of the following is an advantage of using newer psychrometers that use digital sensors?
They are easy to use an inexpensive
Identify a characteristic of heat cramps
They are extremely painful muscle spasms
True or false: An athlete who experiences heat cramps has difficulty returning ti practice or competition for the remainder of the day
True
True or false: An athlete who experiences heat cramps has difficulty returning to practice or competition for the remainder of the day
True
Heat syncope occurs when an athlete _______
stands in the heat for long periods of time
