Chapter 6: The Human Body
what is inspiratory reserve volume?
deepest breath you can take after a normal breath
what is respriation?
exchange of O2 and CO2 in alveoli & tissues of body
Orbit
eye socket bones
what is residual volume?
gas that remains in the lungs to keep them open
where do leg muscles attach to the femur at?
greater/lesser trochanter
the fibula is on which side of the leg?
lateral
Midsagittal (Midline)
left and right equal halves
what is expiratory reserve volume?
maximum amount of air you can forcibly breathe out after a normal breath
Which side of the forearm is the ulna on
medial
what are the bones that connect the wrist to fingers called and how many are there?
metacarpals; 5
what is ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
what is diffusion in the body?
passive process where molecules move from a higher concentration to lower concentration
what are the finger bones called
phalanges
how are the right and left pubis connected?
pubic symphysis
what bones make up the pelvis?
sacrum, coxae, coccyx
what is a hypoxic drive
stimulus to breathe due to low levels of O2 in the body
what are the two largest bones in the foot?
talus and calcaneus
what bone makes up the ankle joint?
talus bone connects the tiba & fibula together
what is the primary reason for breathing?
to lower CO2 levels
How many bones in the thoracic spine
12
how many phalanges make up the toes?
14
How many bones does a face have?
14 bones
How many bones in the human body?
206
How many bones in the spinal column?
33 bones
How many bones in the Coccyx
4
How many bones in the Sacrum
5
How many bones in the lumbar spine
5
What is the normal RHR?
60-100 BPM
How many bones in the cervical spine
7
Normal respiratory ranges (adult, child, infant)
Adult: 12-20 breaths/min Child: 12-40 breaths/min Infant: 30-60 breaths/min
Articular Caritlage
Allows for ends of bones to glide easily
Appendicular Skeleton
Arms & legs and connecting points
Zygomas
Cheek bones
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Which side of the forearm is the radius on
Distal
Coronal Plane (Frontal)
Divides body into front & back Cuts through the ears
Sagittal Plane (Lateral)
Divides body into left and right Cuts through chest
Transverse Plane (Axial)
Divides body into top and bottom (Hula hoop)
Two types of circulation in the body
Systemic and pulmonary
3 Bones that make up the shoulder girdle
Scapula, humerus, clavicle
Axial Skeleton
Skull --> Coccyx; includes vertebral column; doesn't include limbs
Ball & Socket Joint
allows for rotation & bending
what is tidal volume?
amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath
what is stroke volume?
amount of blood moved by 1 beat
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood moved in 1 minute
the tibia is one which side of the leg?
anterior
what bone makes up most of the heel?
calcaneus
What are the wrist bones called?
carpals
what is pulmonary ciruclation?
carries deoxygenated blood from the RV towards both lungs via the Pulmonary Veins and brings oxygenated blood back to the left atrium via Pulmonary Veins
what is systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood from LV to upper/lower body via Aorta, brings deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium via Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
Hinge joint
Flexion & extension
Hole in the base of skull
Foramen magnum
What is smooth muscle?
Found in blood vessels and intestines
Equation for Cardiac output
HR x SV = CO
Joint Capsule
Holds bone ends together; fibrous sac made of CT
Topographical Anatomy
ID superficial landmarks of the body
Synovial Membrane
Inner lining of joint capsule
Maxillae Bones
Jaw bones
Sacroiliac Joint
Joint surrounded by tough, thick ligaments; little mobility
Symphysis
Limited motion, bone held together by fibrous tissue
What is skeletal muscle?
Main muscle mass of body, attaches to skeleton
4 main bones of skull
Occiput Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Temporal Bones
