Chapter 6: The Revolution Within

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing religion and public morality.

1: fundamental 2: would not 3: Enlightenment

Analyze the painting below, and then match the following meanings to the appropriate symbol in the painting. Note that some labels may apply to more than one symbol in the painting.

1 (pathways to learning as free men and women) = the books the woman is touching / the globe 2 (newfound freedom) = the African Americans in the background in the open field area / busted chains by the woman's feet 3 (Liberty personified) = The woman in the white dress

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. In Britain and its colonies...

1. social hierarchy and deference to authority 2. challenge

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence describing the founders' principles of freedom.

1. virtue 2. establish public schools 3. vote and govern

Identify why Jefferson's assertion in the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal" was viewed as a radical principle.

Correct Answer(s) - In Britain and in the colonies, the conventional belief was that well-ordered society depended on obedience to authority. - It implied that liberties were entitlements (rights people are entitled to by virtue of being born), rather than privileges earned through social status, familial ties, wealth, or property ownership. Incorrect Answer(s) - The majority of colonists wanted to create a monarchy, like that in Britain, and they still vowed obedience to King George III. - Colonists did not want to free their slaves, as they considered the idea of racial equality to be illegitimate. - The colonists already considered all men created equal, so they found the statement to be redundant.

The pool of free labor grew during the post-Revolutionary period. Identify the reasons for this growth.

Correct Answer(s) - Indentured servants who outlived their indentures joined the free labor market. - Servants and apprentices took advantage of the chaos of the Revolution to run away from their masters. - Revolutionary ideas about freedom in the new republic made apprenticeship and indenture seem oppressive and old-fashioned. Incorrect Answer(s) - Enslaved persons were freed after the Revolution and joined the work force as free men and women.

Identify the statements that characterize the principles of Christian Republicanism

Correct Answer(s) - It held that personal virtue was central to the creation of a healthy society. - It viewed the American Revolution as being the result of God's plan. Incorrect Answer(s) - It held that since man was imperfect, society itself could not be perfected. - In the name of personal liberty, most colonial leaders were hostile to organized religion.

On which of the following events did the American Revolution and its success have an important ideological and political influence?

Correct Answer(s) - Latin American wars for independence in the early nineteenth century - the French Revolution Incorrect Answer(s) - the expansion of colonial empires in the Age of Imperialism - the unification of the Italian and German states in the mid-nineteenth century

Identify the statements that were true of slavery—both the concept and the practice—in the post-revolutionary period.

Correct Answer(s) - Most founders owned slaves, even though they promoted the concept of liberty and equality as natural entitlements. - Many ex-slaves began life anew as free persons in Nova Scotia and England. - Some members of the founding generation argued that liberty for whites was possible only because of the enslavement of blacks. - Revolutionaries used the word "slavery" to describe the denial of personal and political rights by a tyrannical government. Incorrect Answer(s) - Slaveowners in the Deep South (Georgia, for example) voluntarily emancipated their slaves when threatened with losing the war. - Slaves in New England were granted freedom at the end of the war.

Identify the statements that describe why indentured servitude declined after the American Revolution.

Correct Answer(s) - The concept of servitude ran counter to the ideals of republican citizenship. - Many indentured servants fled their masters amid the instability of the war. - Increased numbers of non-indentured immigrants from Europe joined indentured servants outliving their terms of required labor. Incorrect Answer(s) - There was a decline in the need for domestic services that had been performed by indentured servants.

In what ways did the expansion of the definition of liberty and the proliferation of democratic practices change religious practice in the early United States?

Correct Answer(s) - The disestablishment of state-sponsored churches allowed for the proliferation of religious denominations. - Democratic liberty challenged the traditional authority of some religious traditions. Incorrect Answer(s) - Members of the founding generation built a "wall of separation" in order to make economics, not religion, the basis of public morality. - The growth of democratic practices and the "wall of separation" between church and state led to a shrinking number of believers.

What were some of the biggest obstacles to the enactment of widespread abolition during the early years of the republic?

Correct Answer(s) - The founders' attachment to the importance of property rights of citizens made abolition problematic. - Much of the resistance to abolition originated in the fact that slavery remained a pathway for many white Americans to achieve prosperity and social mobility. Incorrect Answer(s) - Militant abolitionists and their plans for the manumission of slaves were considered too radical to be taken seriously. - The active opposition of state legislators and military leaders to the abolition of slavery made progress on this issue institutionally difficult.

Analyze the map below depicting Loyalism during the American Revolution What does the map reveal about political allegiances during the Revolutionary War?

Correct Answer(s) - The majority of colonists either strongly supported the patriots or Loyalists; very few were neutral. - Strong loyalty to the British government was not widespread. The locations of Loyalist communities correlate more with ethnic settlements than with factors of class or race. Incorrect Answer(s) - Loyalist and pro-Revolutionary colonists lived side-by-side in most communities. - Native Americans refused to take sides in the Revolutionary conflict.

Read the following excerpt from the 1773 and 1777 Petitions of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature. Identify the statements that are correct

Correct Answer(s) - The petitioners describe themselves as having lived in civilized conditions in Africa. - The petitioners refer to the natural rights endowed by God mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. - The petitioners question the Christian practices of slaveowners who treat them poorly. Incorrect Answer(s) - The petitioners cite the ways in which their rights should be different from those of white Americans. - The petitioners reference only national (political) law, not natural law.

How did the Revolution affect religious freedom according to Dr. Foner?

Correct Answer(s) - There was a clear separation of church and state. - The Constitution did not include any religious requirements for voting or holding office. - It expanded religious freedom, with some states passing laws for religious tolerance. Incorrect Answer(s) - Although there was overall more religious freedom, the president was still required to be Christian.

Identify the statements that describe the Loyalists in colonial America.

Correct Answer(s) - They came from all classes of American life. - They took up arms in defense of the empire against the Revolution. Incorrect Answer(s) - They represented about 40 percent of the colonial population. - They were against the Revolution because they felt the struggle did not go far enough.

Match the trailblazer from this period with his or her correct description.

Joseph Brant = This young Mohawk hoped to create an Indian Confederacy between the new United States and Canada. Hannah Snell = This woman joined the British army in 1745 disguised as a man; later she was awarded a soldier's pension. Lemuel Haynes = This veteran of the Massachusetts militia and noted preacher was an early proponent of extending freedom and equality to people of African heritage. Mercy Otis Warren = This woman established the Boston Committee of Correspondence, proving that women could participate in intellectual discussion. Phillis Wheatley = The poetic talents of this woman challenged Americans' idea that black persons were devoid of intellectual ability.

Identify the statements that were true of democracy in the eighteenth-century context.

True - Democracy was feared by some leaders who associated it with mob rule. - Democracy meant, in general, that government should serve the needs of the people as a whole, not just a moneyed elite. - Democracy had several meanings, some from ancient texts. Not True - Only elite intellectuals were in favor of democracy as people in the lower classes did not discuss politics.

Complete the following passage about the spread of democratic ideas in the late-eighteenth century.

local militia