Chapter 7, 8, 9

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

"There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain."

The progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions is indicative of

Alzheimer's

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning.

Which of the following statements is true of language?

Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another.

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of accommodation and

assimilation

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. Which theory best explains this behavior?

cognitive dissonance

Masha, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Masha's math teacher, shares with Masha a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using what concept to help the child?

cognitive scaffolding

In the classic scenario, a child is presented with two glasses of the same size and each is filled with the same amount of water. The child says both glasses have the same amount of water. One of the glass's contents is then poured into a thinner, taller glass. The child then states that this new glass has more water in it than the other glass. The child lacks the concept of

conservation

Leonard and Sheldon were working on a physics problem from different points of view, but came to a common solution. This is an example of which kind of thinking

convergent

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying

crystallized intelligence

The personal fable and imaginary audience both stem from

egocentrism

Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as

emotions

Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of ________.

general intelligence

According to Arnett, which of the following is not a contributing factor to the relatively new concept of emerging adulthood?

global economy

A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n)

heuristic

What kind of visual stimuli do two-month-olds have the largest preference for?

human faces

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario

imaginary audience

Which of these is an object, a person, or a situation that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake?

incentive

Rachel came across a question she did not know while taking her psychology exam. She skipped it and moved on, returning to it when she recalled the answer. Which strategy did Rachel use?

incubation

Motives are

inferred from behavior

Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating ________.

infinite creativity

Which of these is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience?

intelligence

Pavel loves to play the violin. He feels best when he has played to the best of his ability. What kind of incentive makes Pavel practice so he can do his best

intrinsic

Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n)

intrinsic goal

Which set of twins will have the greatest correlation in their IQ scores?

monozygotic twins raised together

The Heinz dilemma is used to determine what level of development you are in

morally

Rashon's caretaker is playing peek-a-boo with him. Every time the caretaker hides their face, Rashon loses interest but is surprised when their face reappears. Peek-a-boo is so entertaining because Rashon lacks

object permanence

Patricia, a three-year-old girl, is having dinner. She looks at her father and says, "I eated food." In this scenario, Patricia is exhibiting _______

overregularization

Two-year old Paris got excited when "gooses" crossed the sidewalk in front of her family on a walk. Her effort to regularize the irregular plural of geese is an example of

overregularization

After a long day teaching classes online, Alessio decides to relax and eat dinner on the couch. Which part of Alessio's nervous system helps restore energy?

parasympathetic nervous system

The speed with which one can compare figures and symbols is known as

perceptual speed

Mariana, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this and forbid her from meeting the boy. Mariana fights with her parents because she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the

personable fable

Which of Sternberg's types of intelligence could be referred to as "street smarts"?

practical intelligence

Marci would describe almost a perfect person whenever her friends would ask her who she thought was her ideal life partner. This "perfect" person would be a(n)

prototype

Jiro is 54-years-old and is at a point in his life where he is trying to help take care of his aging parents while also assisting his own children. Jiro is part of the

sandwich generation

The reshaping of one's life to concentrate on what one finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment is known as

selective optimization by compensation

Lula is an infant and constantly explores her universe by putting everything into her mouth. What stage would Piaget say she is in?

sensorimotor

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

the age of possibilities

Tom was trying to increase his fitness so that he could join some friends on a long-distance hiking trip. He is trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal. This is an example of ________.

the means-end analysis

Mary Ainsworth used this infamous experiment to assess attachment styles between infants and caregivers:

the strange situation