Chapter 7

A question like, "What's the name of the waiter?" requires __________; a question like, "Isn't that the guy we usually see on the bus?" requires __________. A) recall; recognition B) recognition; recall C)source memory; familiarity D) familiarity; source memory

A) recall; recognition

Damage to the __________ tends to result in __________. A) amygdala; unilateral neglect B) amygdala; anterograde amnesia C) hippocampus; anterograde amnesia D) hippocampus; unilateral neglect

C) hippocampus; anterograde amnesia

Familiarity (as opposed to source memory) A) is essential for adequate performance on a recall test. B) is established by "relational" or "elaborative" rehearsal. C) is promoted by deep processing. D) provides one of the important sources for recognition.

D) provides one of the important sources for recognition.

Which of the following is most likely to produce a sense that a stimulus "rings a bell" or is familiar? A) Processing the stimulus is relatively easy. B) Processing the stimulus is relatively difficult. C) The stimulus is presented tachistoscopically. D) You lack a source memory for the stimulus.

A) Processing the stimulus is relatively easy.

The dangers of source confusion are particularly relevant to which real-world situation? A) eyewitness identification B) playing the lottery C) jury selection D) second language acquisition

A) eyewitness identification

In the brain, familiarity is associated with activity of the ________, while recall is associated with activity of the ________. A) hippocampus; amygdala B) hippocampus; rhinal cortex C) rhinal cortex; hippocampus D) frontal lobe; parietal lobe

A) hippocampus; amygdala

All of the following contribute evidence for a dissociation between explicit and implicit memory EXCEPT that A) there is a dissociation between the primacy and recency effect in the serial position curve. B) people sometimes treat a familiar name as famous because they have retained their implicit memory of it but lost their explicit memory of where they saw it. C) having a word in front of one's eyes has more impact on a subsequent word-completion task than thinking about the word's meaning, but for a subsequent-recall task the opposite is true. D) patient H.M. failed to recognize the "Tower of Hanoi" task, despite showing improvement over repeat testing sessions.

A) there is a dissociation between the primacy and recency effect in the serial position curve.

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that: A) you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face. B) your memory of your friend's face is influenced by context-dependent learning. C) you are displaying an instance of source amnesia. D) you are being influenced by the fact that there are fewer men with beards than men without beards.

A) you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face.

Based on past research about explicit and implicit memory, which of the following patterns would you MOST expect to find? A) In a lexical-decision task, people are quicker to decide if a string of letters is an English word when they have not seen that letter string recently. B) In a word-stem-completion task, people are more likely to produce a word they have recently seen, even if they do not remember seeing it, than an equally plausible word they have not seen recently. C) In a tachistoscopic-recognition task, people are likely to have good recall but poor recognition of a word when they are tested afterward. D) In word-fragment-completion tasks, people are more likely to come up with word endings that they have previously seen, but only if they have a conscious memory of the word.

B) In a word-stem-completion task, people are more likely to produce a word they have recently seen, even if they do not remember seeing it, than an equally plausible word they have not seen recently.

A study has a "2x2" design in which half of the participants read a passage in a boat and the other half read the same passage on a train and then all are tested for recall of the passage in either the environment they learned in or the other environment. Based on previous studies, what results would you expect? A) All people tested in the boat would have better recall than all people tested on the train. B) Recall performance would be best for people whose testing environment matched their learning environment. C) All people whose learning environment was the boat would have better recall than all people whose learning environment was the train. D) People would have better recall when tested in an environment different than the one in which they learned.

B) Recall performance would be best for people whose testing environment matched their learning environment.

Theories of spreading activation assume that activating one node will lead to A) purely bottom-up processing of the incoming information. B) all connected nodes being activated. C) a subset of connected nodes being activated. D) unconnected nodes being suppressed.

B) all connected nodes being activated.

Explicit memories are revealed by __________ memory tests, such as __________, whereas implicit memories are revealed by __________ memory tests, such as __________. A) indirect, recall; direct, priming B) direct, recall; indirect, priming C) direct, priming; indirect, recall D) indirect, priming; direct, recall

B) direct, recall; indirect, priming

Eli can remember what he did last week, but he cannot remember the birth of his cousin (which happened immediately before Eli received a head injury in a motorcycle accident). What is Eli's condition? A) anterograde amnesia B) retrograde amnesia C) Korsakoff's syndrome D) Capgras syndrome

B) retrograde amnesia

In an experiment performed by Jacoby in 1983, participants were divided into groups and presented one of three conditions. One group saw a word and had to "generate" (and remember) its antonym. In the "context" condition, participants saw both the word and its antonym and had to remember the latter. In the "no context" condition participants were just shown the word to remember. On a standard recognition test, participants from A) the "no context" condition performed best. B) the "generate" condition performed best. C) all conditions performed equally well. D) the "context" condition performed best.

B) the "generate" condition performed best.

For a procedure that relies on processing fluency, what matters most is __________ the test stimulus. A) recognizing B) remembering C) encountering D) understanding

C) encountering

Someone with anterograde amnesia has no A) explicit memory for events before the onset of amnesia. B) implicit memory for events before the onset of amnesia. C) explicit memory for events after the onset of amnesia. D) implicit memory for events after the onset of amnesia.

C) explicit memory for events after the onset of amnesia.

Theodore has suffered from Korsakoff's amnesia for the last decade. Theodore is LEAST likely to do which of the following actions? A) accurately recall events from early childhood B) hold a coherent conversation lasting many minutes C) recall events that occurred last month D) recognize people he met 18 years ago

C) recall events that occurred last month

Which testing method mainly targets explicit, rather than implicit, memory? A) tachistoscopic recognition B) lexical decision C) recall tasks D) word-stem completion

C) recall tasks

Which of the following is an example of recall? A) only knowing a phone number if you have a phone in front of you B) identifying an old friend you meet in the store even though he or she has gained weight C) remembering the name of your fifth-grade teacher when asked D) suddenly experiencing the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon

C) remembering the name of your fifth-grade teacher when asked

A participant is asked to memorize a series of word pairs, including the pair "heavy-light." The participant is asked later if any of the following words had been included in the list memorized earlier: "lamp," "candle," "spark," and "light." The participant denies having seen any of these words recently. This is probably because A) the learning context does not provide adequate support for perceptual encoding. B) the learning context does relatively little to encourage deep processing. C) what was memorized was the idea of "light" as a description of weight, not "light" as illumination. D) the learning context led the participant to think in terms of opposites, while the test context led the participant to think in terms of semantic associates.

C) what was memorized was the idea of "light" as a description of weight, not "light" as illumination.

As part of a pronunciation task, you are presented with a list of made-up names. Later, during a second, unrelated task, some of the names appear again. Which factor will LEAST influence the likelihood that you will think the name belongs to a famous person? A) the amount of time between the pronunciation task and the second task B) the attribution given for the sense of familiarity experienced when seeing the names for the second time C) whether the names are presented in the auditory or visual modality D) the degree of processing fluency experienced when seeing names for the second time

C) whether the names are presented in the auditory or visual modality

Which of the following experimental results is LEAST likely to be found? A) Previously heard sentences are more likely to be judged true on a second hearing, even though the participants were told the original sentences were false. B) A burst of noise with a familiar sentence embedded in it is judged to be quieter than a burst of noise with an unfamiliar sentence embedded in it. C) Patients who do not remember having heard certain pieces of music before still prefer those pieces over novel ones. D) Made-up names heard before are judged to be famous people's names on a test immediately following initial presentation.

D) Made-up names heard before are judged to be famous people's names on a test immediately following initial presentation.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding recall performance? A) Recall performance is usually less good than recognition performance. B) Recall performance benefits from context reinstatement. C) Whether a clue about a word's sound is more helpful for recall than a clue about its meaning depends on how the word was thought of when it was learned. D) Physical context is more important to recall than psychological context.

D) Physical context is more important to recall than psychological context.

Which behavior is LEAST likely to be demonstrated by a Korsakoff's patient? A) refusing to shake hands with someone who hurt him or her during a previous handshake even though he or she will have no explicit memory of the first handshake B) learning the correct answer to a previously taught question, without a memory of being previously taught C) not remembering tunes heard before as familiar but preferring them to ones not heard before D) recalling that a sentence was heard earlier in the test but feeling no sense of familiarity about the sentence

D) recalling that a sentence was heard earlier in the test but feeling no sense of familiarity about the sentence

What is the CLEAREST advantage of connecting new information to prior knowledge in several different ways? A. It attaches the new material in memory more securely, so the neurons are less likely to decay. B. It opens the way for state-dependent learning to take place. C. It improves your implicit memory for the information. D. It allows the information to be accessed from multiple retrieval paths.

D. It allows the information to be accessed from multiple retrieval paths.