Chapter 7

False

A deficiency in Vitamin B 12 is due to inadequate intake of the vitamin.

False

A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.

antioxidant

A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____.

fortified milk

A reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is ____.

vitamin D

An elderly individual who cannot leave the house is at risk of a ______ deficiency.

excreted in the urine

Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins are typically ____.

stored in the liver and in body fat

Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are ____.

False

Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity.

True

Excluding an entire food group may lead to vitamin deficiencies over time.

grain products

Folic acid is added to ____ in order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.

True

Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate

High blood levels of homocysteine ____.

False

High intakes of B 6, B 12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.

False

Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.

True

The Vitamins C, D, and K are all actively involved in bone health and maintenance.

1-year

The body can store as much as a _____ supply of vitamin A in the body.

True

The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia.

skeletal system

The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the ____.

B12

The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.

supporting bone mineralization

The main function of vitamin D is ____.

antioxidant

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____.

True

The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.

folate

The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____.

vitamin B6

The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____.

energy release from carbohydrates

Thiamin is involved in ____.

free radicals

Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______.

True

Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn.

True

Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.

False

Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.

consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____.

False

Vitamin K and B 6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.

True

Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health.

False

Water-soluble vitamins are more stable during preparation and cooking than fat-soluble vitamins.

High intake of calories

What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?

Cigarette smoke

What factor is classified as a cancer initiator?

Romaine lettuce

What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene?

Price

What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase?

Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.

What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?

Vitamin A

What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?

Eat legumes three times per week.

What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins?

False

When purchasing a vitamin and mineral supplement, look for one that contains at least 150 percent of the Daily Value for each nutrient.

Sweet potatoes

Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene?

Psyllium—improves memory

Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?

Vitamin C

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

Provide energy

Which of the following is not a task that vitamins perform in the body?

A person approaching age 65

Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian?

Vitamin E

Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?

Taking antibiotics

______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K.

Osteomalacia

______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.

Pellagra

_______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin.

Rickets

_______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children.

True

Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may delay may prevent or delay macular degeneration.

False

Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.

True

Research suggests that diet may play a role in initiating cancer, speeding its development, or preventing cancer.

ultraviolet light

Riboflavin is destroyed by ____.

False

Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake.

False

Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.

only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin

Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B 12 deficiency because ____.

biotin and pantothenic acid

Because ____ are widespread in foods, people who eat a varied diet are not at risk for deficiencies of these vitamins.

True

Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels

False

Beta-carotene found in many animal sources is a precursor to vitamin A.

a conditionally essential nutrient

Choline is ____.

soy products

Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in ____.

True

Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.

tomatoes; prostate cancer

Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____.

Incorporate regular physical activity.

Michael is a young business systems analyst who avoids fried foods and fast food, drinks only black coffee and water, consumes one alcoholic drink on occasion, uses olive oil when preparing meals, and gets 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Is there anything that Michael needs to do to decrease his cancer risk?

riboflavin

Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of ____.

vitamin K

Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage.

antioxidant properties

Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage.

True

Phytochemicals in food are superior to the phytochemicals found in supplements.