Chapter 7: American Revolution

By 1800, the free African American population had grown from a few thousand in 1750 to about __________.

200,000

How was the "Whig position" challenged as a result of the Revolution?

Farmers and artisans challenged elite control of the political process.

How did the increasingly global nature of the war after 1780 spell trouble for the British?

With both the French and the Spanish in the war, Britain feared for its West Indies colonies.

British alliances with the Cherokee, among other tribes, led to __________.

Some harsh attacks on American settlements in the South

How did the Continental Congress resolve the tension between the need for a unified nation and support for rights within the individual states?

The Articles of Confederation were debated and adopted patiently.

In the treaties of Fort Stanwix in 1784 and Fort McIntosh in 1785, what did congressional commissioners do?

forced Ohio tribes to cede lands

Why was the Land Ordinance of 1785 necessary?

The government needed to maintain political and economic control of the West.

What were the major alignments and divisions among Americans during the American Revolution?

The major alignments during the American Revolution were among the Patriots and Loyalists. Both parties were against each other, the Loyalists sided with the British, whereas the Patriots sided with the Revolution.

In what ways were the states the sites for significant political change?

The states were the sites for significant political change because many Americans wanted a decentralized form of government, so focused on improving their state governments. They didn't want the central government to get too powerful.

The Patriots referred to the Loyalists as __________.

Tories

What provision of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ensured that western communities would be subordinate to the national government?

Territorial governors were given absolute veto power over territorial legislation.

What kind of government was created by the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation created a centralized government, with some limitations.

The British defeat at Yorktown was accomplished militarily by __________.

a cooperative siege by American and French forces

The Articles of Confederation provided for __________.

a loose union of independently acting states

In order to pay the war debt and stabilize the economy, Robert Morris convinced Congress to __________.

charter the Bank of North America

Although democratic Revolutionary ideology did not result in all rights being extended beyond white property-owning males, the spirit of reform did cause some favorable changes for women in __________.

divorce and property laws

The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for __________.

the survey and sale of western lands

With more than one European country allied with the Americans, the British shifted their strategy to pay more attention to __________.

their Caribbean holdings

Washington wanted a national army to supplement the militias because __________

their longer-term enlistments would be a basis for professional discipline

Conservative Americans backed the requirement of a balanced government because __________.

they did not trust the "unthinking many"

Maryland initially refused to adopt the Articles of Confederation because __________.

they wanted western lands divided fairly

Compared to the Continental Army, the Patriot militias __________

were important but less disciplined

How did Congress deal with the question of slavery in the West in 1784?

Jefferson's proposal to prohibit slavery in the West failed by a vote of 7‒6.

How was representation apportioned in the national assembly created by the Articles of Confederation?

Each state had a single vote.

What roles did Indian peoples and African Americans play in the Revolution

Indian peoples and African Americans helped the colonists fight the British during the Revolution. African Americans believed they would get their freedom. Not all Indians sided with the colonists, but most did.

Why did Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom meet with protracted opposition in Virginia?

Many planters in Virginia viewed Anglicanism as protection from other denominations that were more democratic in their thinking.

After twelve states had voted in favor of the Articles of Confederation, which state held up final ratification for more than three years?

Maryland

To keep citizens and rulers separate, conservative forms of government were initially created by __________.

Maryland and South Carolina

Which statement best characterizes the political mobilization that took place in the postwar period?

Rural and ordinary voices began to be heard.

What was the primary reason that African Americans, though enlisted at first, were temporarily barred from joining the Continental Army in 1775?

opposition by southern delegates

Revolutionary ideology notwithstanding, the rights of African Americans did not change much with the Revolution. From a political perspective, what was the major reason for this?

opposition by southern planters

Combining a strong religious sense with a concern for the plight of African Americans, Phillis Wheatley is best known for writing __________.

poetry

The Iroquois chose to ally with the British instead of the Americans to __________.

protect their property from encroachment

A colonist might more likely identify with the Loyalists if he or she __________.

recently immigrated