Chapter 7 Anatomy
If the hormone norepinephrine was made into a drug that the EMT could administer to a patient, what kind a patient would MOST likely benefit from it? A. A tachycardic patient B. A hypoglycemic patient C. A psychologically disturbed patient D. A hypotensive patient
A hypotensive patient
Of the following, which would be considered a function of the skeletal system? A. Protecting the body from foreign organisms B. Carrying sensory information to and from the brain C. Allowing for movement D. Filtering and excreting wastes
Allowing for movement
Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head? A. Back B. Front C. Side D. Top
Back
A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the heart's valves is likely responsible for this condition? A. Pulmonary B. Bicuspid C. Right D. Tricuspid
Bicuspid
You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this patient's survival is: A. Blood loss B. Nerve damage C. Infection D. Pain
Blood loss
Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of structures? A. Blood vessels and intestines B. Heart and brain C. Spinal cord D. Muscles of the arms and legs
Blood vessels and intestines
Which two components of the nervous system must be intact to allow the patient to be conscious and fully oriented? A. Both cerebral hemispheres and the pons B. The thalamus and medulla C. The thalamus and the reticular activating system D. Both cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating system
Both cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating system
In which area of the brain is the cardiac center located? A. Cerebrum B. Pons C. Brainstem D. Cerebellum
Brainstem
The EMT arrives upon the scene and finds a person with a brain injury unresponsive and without a pulse or heart rate. Which portion of the nervous system is most likely affected? A. Brainstem B. Spinal cord C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum
Brainstem
Pain that is described as "caustic" by the patient is: A. Achy B. Burning C. Sharp D. Stabbing
Burning
Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle? A. Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot B. Cardiac muscle is able to extend; smooth muscle can only contract C. Cardiac muscle relies on an electrical impulse to be stimulated; smooth muscle does not D. Cardiac muscle does not need a blood supply; smooth muscle does
Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot
Assessment of an elderly male patients reveals that he is confused. His family states that this status is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this information, in which area of the brain is this disease located? A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Brainstem D. Cerebrum
Cerebrum
What region of the brain is considered the center of consciousness and higher thought? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Midbrain
Cerebrum
If a patient is having a heart attack, what additional finding should the EMT be certain to assess for? A. Changes to the pupils B. Changes to the blood pressure C. Abnormal neurological changes D. Alterations in the blood glucose level
Changes to the blood pressure
A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that: A. Holds and secures the bones of the knee B. Connects muscles to the knee C. Connects the muscles together surrounding the knee D. Attaches a ligament to the knee
Connects muscles to the knee
The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe first? A. Bone pain in the legs B. Crackles in the lungs C. Decreased respirations D. Swelling in the feet
Crackles in the lungs
Which of the following skeletal structures surrounds and protects an important neurological structure? A. Thoracic rib cage B. Nasal cavity C. Cranium D. Femur
Cranium
The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at risk? A. Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body B. Collapse of the trachea and bronchi C. Decreased movement of air into the lungs D. Decreased movement of the diaphragm
Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body
If a patient told an EMT that one of his doctors is a specialist in treating problems with the skin, the EMT would know that the patient is referring to what type of doctor? A. Dermatologist B. Gerontologist C. Hematologist D. Cytologist
Dermatologist
A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Given this treatment, which sign or symptom would the EMT expect to find? A. Low blood pressure B. Dilated pupils C. Dry and flushed skin D. Decreased heart rate
Dilated pupils
When palpating a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which vessel? A. Posterior tibial vein B. Dorsalis pedis artery C. Coronary artery D. Femoral vein
Dorsalis pedis artery
An abrasion affects which part of the skin? A. Epidermal and dermal layers B. Dermal layer C. Epidermis D. Dermal and subcutaneous layers
Epidermal and dermal layers
Which of the following hormones, if it was created into a medication, could result in an increase of the heart rate if it was administered? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Epinephrine C. Insulin D. Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
What is the basic function of the respiratory system? A. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment B. Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites C. Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream D. Transport oxygen throughout the body
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens next? A. Exhalation B. Expansion C. Retraction D. Inhalation
Exhalation
Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the patient's: A. Head B. Extremities C. Chest D. Abdomen
Extremities
A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the body? A. Feet B. Arms C. Fingers D. Hands
Feet
A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability to: A. Digest fatty foods B. Filter and excrete wastes C. Absorb nutrients D. Produce all hormones
Filter and excrete wastes
A patient described as dysphagic presents as: A. Exhibiting a painful cough B. Having difficulty swallowing C. Having difficulty breathing D. Being unable to speak
Having difficulty swallowing
A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this patient? A. He cannot store glycogen produced by the liver B. He must avoid meals high in complex carbohydrates C. He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats D. He will be more prone to gastric ulcers
He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats
A patient would see a cardiologist for a problem with what organ? A. Brain B. Heart C. Stomach D. Bones
Heart
An enlarged liver is best documented as: A. Gastric distention B. Ascites C. Hepatitis D. Hepatomegaly
Hepatomegaly
You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use of: A. Compression B. Massage C. Ice D. Heat
Ice
A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, he is now more susceptible to: A. Infection B. Heart problems C. Endocrine disorders D. Fluid overload
Infection
Following radiation therapy for breast cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to acquire? A. Bleeding B. Infection C. Hypoxia D. Low blood pressure
Infection
A patient with bronchitis is experiencing: A. Inflammation of the bronchi B. Infection of the alveoli C. Accumulation of mucus in the trachea D. Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles
Inflammation of the bronchi
Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional concern? A. Damage to the heart B. Damage to the false ribs C. Injury to the liver D. Pain from possible rib fractures
Injury to the liver
Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which structure(s) between the vertebrae? A. Spinal joints B. Vertebral nerve endings C. Spinal cord D. Intervertebral disks
Intervertebral disks
What is the primary function of the left atrium? A. It pumps blood to the lungs B. It receives blood from the vena cava C. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins D. It pumps blood to the body
It receives blood from the pulmonary veins
A patellar fracture affects which part of the body? A. Hip B. Elbow C. Tibia D. Knee
Knee
Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the front? A. Midaxillary line B. Midline C. Midclavicular line D. Anterior axillary line
Midline
As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be: A. Rapid and shallow B. Irregular and deep C. Occasional and gasping D. Deep and fast
Occasional and gasping
A patient complains of extreme dizziness, headache, and other "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these symptoms? A. Occlusion of the popliteal vein B. Clot in the abdominal aorta C. Rupture of the radial vein D. Occlusion of the carotid arteries
Occlusion of the carotid arteries
After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient? A. On his stomach B. Supine with his head turned left C. On his back D. On his left side
On his left side
Which organ(s) is (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone progesterone? A. External genitals B. Testes C. Ovaries D. Uterus
Ovaries
To minimize friction when the heart contracts, what structure secretes fluid lubricant? A. Atrium B. Pericardial sac C. Tricuspid valves D. Ventricles
Pericardial sac
For the lungs to oxygenate blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which principle? A. Pathophysiology B. Physiology C. Anatomic actions D. Anatomy
Physiology
What term is used by the EMT when referring to the actual functioning and interrelatedness of the body's systems? A. Biology B. Physiology C. Anatomy D. Anatomical position
Physiology
What gland of the body helps to regulate circadian rhythms? A. Thyroid B. Pineal C. Pituitary D. Adrenal
Pineal
What is the name of the fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients? A. Hemoglobin B. Total body water C. Platelet fluid D. Plasma
Plasma
If a patient is unconscious without any injury to the neck or spine but you suspect there is fluid to drain from his mouth, it is BEST to place him in which position? A. Prone B. Recovery C. Trendelenburg D. Supine
Recovery
What is the name of the process that results in the movement of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) across cellular membranes in the lungs and in the peripheral tissues? A. Ventilation B. Perfusion C. Respiration D. Oxygenation
Respiration
Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury located? A. Right side of the abdomen B. Right chest C. Right lateral chest D. Right shoulder
Right lateral chest
The pulmonary system has the capability to store oxygen for how long? A. Several hours B. Several seconds C. Several minutes D. Several days
Several minutes
Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing inadequately? A. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min in a child B. Chest wall motion outward of 1 inch during inhalation in an adult patient C. Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant D. Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min in an elderly patient
Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant
Which type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons? A. Smooth B. Cardiac C. Involuntary D. Skeletal
Skeletal
What two electrolytes are shed through the skin during the regulation of water and electrolytes for thermoregulation in the body? A. Chloride and potassium B. Magnesium and sodium C. Sodium and chloride D. Potassium and sodium
Sodium and chloride
Which statement best describes the anatomic position? A. Supine position with arms at the side and palms facing downward B. Upright and facing backward with the arms raised and legs straight C. Prone position with arms upward and palms facing upward D. Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward
Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward
If an EMT wanted to state what position the body was in when he arrived, given that the patient was found lying on his back, face up, he would use what term when communicating with other health care professionals? A. Trendelenburg B. Prone C. Supine D. Lateral
Supine
The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is called: A. Arterial B. Systolic C. Diastolic D. Osmotic
Systolic
During your secondary survey of a patient who is unresponsive, you obtain a blood glucose level (BGL) and find a value of 658 mg/dL. To what part of the endocrine system would this disturbance best pertain to? A. Hypothyroid B. Parathyroid C. The Islets of Langerhans D. Thyroid
The Islets of Langerhans
Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the lungs? A. The diaphragm contracts B. The pressure in the chest increases C. The chest cavity decreases in size D. The intercostal muscles relax
The diaphragm contracts
What occurs during normal and unlabored exhalation? A. The intercostals relax and the diaphragm contracts. B. The intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes. C. The intercostals and the diaphragm contract. D. The intercostals and the diaphragm relax.
The intercostals and the diaphragm relax.
Which statement about the human anatomy is true? A. The shoulder is distal to the hand B. The hip is distal to the knee C. The knee is proximal to the ankle D. The hand is proximal to the elbow
The knee is proximal to the ankle
The basic function of the pulmonary system, known as "ventilation," refers to what? A. The monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. B. The rate at which the patient is breathing. C. The exchange of gases across cellular and alveolar membranes. D. The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What is one of the purposes for the way in which the individual vertebrae are shaped and arranged in the body? A. To allow 360 degrees of twisting motion B. To protect the spinal cord C. To allow the back to extend farther than it can flex D. To produce red blood cells
To protect the spinal cord
When a patient is lying on his back with his feet elevated higher than his head, this is referred to as what position? A. Fowler's B. Recumbent C. Trendelenburg D. Semi-Fowler's
Trendelenburg
You arrive on scene for a patient who is unresponsive from a known drug overdose. Which of the following statements BEST represents the mechanism leading to unresponsiveness? A. Unresponsiveness is probably due to failure of the cerebellum and drug overdose. B. Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly. C. Unresponsiveness is probably due to hypocapnia. D. Unresponsiveness is probably due to hyperoxia.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly.
A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in his: A. Upper back B. Tailbone C. Lower back D. Neck
Upper back
What is the name of the structure in males and females that transports the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? A. Ureters B. Vulva C. Renal pelvis D. Urethra
Ureters
When stimulated, the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system result in which of the following effects? A. Decreased blood pressure B. Vasoconstriction C. Relaxation of the bronchioles D. Increased heart rate
Vasoconstriction
What division of the nervous system influences all activity of skeletal muscles and movements? A. Central B. Voluntary C. Involuntary D. Autonomic
Voluntary
The EMT is caring for a patient who sustained a workplace injury and assesses the patient's ability to move his arms and legs. Which body system controls this movement? A. Endocrine system B. Integumentary system C. Voluntary nervous system D. Peripheral vascular system
Voluntary nervous system
The imaginary horizontal and vertical lines going through the navel create the: A. abdominal quadrants. B. thoracic regions. C. superior segments. D. inferior segments.
abdominal quadrants.
The structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other is called: A. anatomical position. B. biology. C. anatomy. D. physiology.
anatomy
Kidneys play an important role in: A. blood pressure control. B. the digestion of fats. C. removal of carbohydrates from the blood. D. urine storage.
blood pressure control.
The ribs move downward and inward, and the diaphragm rises during: A. inspiration. B. agonal gasps. C. exhalation. D. inhalation.
exhalation
The distal end of the penis, which contains the urethral opening, is called the: A. epididymis. B. vas deferens. C. glans. D. bulbourethral gland.
glans
The four-chambered muscular organ that lies within the thoracic cavity is called the: A. heart. B. kidney. C. liver. D. lung.
heart
Inspiration occurs when the: A. intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract. B. intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. C. diaphragm rises and the ribs move upward and outward. D. diaphragm rises and the ribs move downward and inward.
intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
If an EMT was describing the location of a gunshot wound to the ED nurse and wanted to illustrate that the wound was toward the side of the chest, rather than the center of the chest, the EMT would use the term: A. ventral. B. medial. C. posterior. D. lateral.
lateral
The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of bile that helps to digest fat is the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. small intestine. D. gallbladder.
liver
The only movable part of the skull is the: A. zygoma. B. nasal bone. C. maxillae. D. mandible.
mandible
The part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow is called the: A. acromion. B. radius. C. carpal. D. olecranon.
olecranon
The medical term that is used to refer to the palm of the hand is: A. palomar. B. distal. C. palmar. D. plantar.
palmar
The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of juices that aid in the digestion of fats, starches, and proteins is the: A. pancreas. B. spleen. C. gallbladder. D. stomach.
pancreas
During a CE class, the instructor is speaking about the normal interrelatedness of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and how they affect the heart rate. The instructor is discussing an aspect of the body's: A. anatomy. B. pharmacology. C. physiology. D. pathophysiology.
physiology
The fluid component of the blood is called: A. sugar. B. clotting factors. C. plasma. D. platelets.
plasma
One of the MOST important functions of the skin is: A. producing vitamin A for the body. B. allowing the body to shed excess heat to the environment. C. serving as a site for melanin production. D. protecting the body from the environment.
protecting the body from the environment.
When the left ventricle contracts, it sends a wave of blood through the arteries. This wave of blood is called a(n): A. arteriole ejection. B. pulse. C. arterial ejection. D. diastolic wave.
pulse
The increased pliability of an infant's ribs and cartilage force the infant to: A. rely more on intercostal muscles for respiration. B. rely more on the diaphragm for breathing. C. rely more on breathing through his mouth rather than through his nose. D. brace himself when rolling over.
rely more on the diaphragm for breathing.
Anatomic differences between pediatric and adult airways require that: A. you notify medical direction before treating an infant for respiratory problems. B. specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues. C. treatment for respiratory problems be conducted the same without regard to age. D. only pediatric specialists treat children.
specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues.
The amount of air a patient breathes in and out with one regular breath is the: A. tidal volume. B. dead space. C. minute volume. D. alveolar volume.
tidal volume.
The structure through which urine passes to be eliminated from the body is the: A. calyx. B. ureter. C. loop of Henle. D. urethra.
urethra
Sperm formed in the testes travel from the epididymis to the urethra by a hollow tube called the: A. bulbourethral gland. B. vas deferens. C. prostate. D. seminal vesicle.
vas deferens.
The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called: A. ventilation. B. respiration. C. oxygenation. D. perfusion.
ventilation
Which combination of joint and location allows for the widest range of motion? A. Condyloid joint in the wrist B. Saddle joint in the ankle C. Ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder D. Gliding joint in the hand
Ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder
Identify both the type of muscle and the property of that muscle that has the ability to initiate its own impulse. A. Voluntary: excitation B. Smooth: pre-excitation C. Cardiac: automaticity D. Skeletal: automaticity
Cardiac: automaticity
The spinal column is composed of which sections, described in order from most superior to most inferior? A. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx B. Coccyx, lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and sacral C. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx D. Thoracic, lumbar, cervical, coccyx, and sacral
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this injury? A. Orbit, lumbar, or shin B. Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals C. Radius, ulna, humerus, or carpals D. Femur, tibia, or fibula
Femur, tibia, or fibula