Chapter 7 Anatomy

If the hormone norepinephrine was made into a drug that the EMT could administer to a​ patient, what kind a patient would MOST likely benefit from​ it? A. A tachycardic patient B. A hypoglycemic patient C. A psychologically disturbed patient D. A hypotensive patient

A hypotensive patient

Of the​ following, which would be considered a function of the skeletal​ system? A. Protecting the body from foreign organisms B. Carrying sensory information to and from the brain C. Allowing for movement D. Filtering and excreting wastes

Allowing for movement

Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a​ 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this​ description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the​ head? A. Back B. Front C. Side D. Top

Back

A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the​ heart's valves is likely responsible for this​ condition? A. Pulmonary B. Bicuspid C. Right D. Tricuspid

Bicuspid

You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this​ patient's survival​ is: A. Blood loss B. Nerve damage C. Infection D. Pain

Blood loss

Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of​ structures? A. Blood vessels and intestines B. Heart and brain C. Spinal cord D. Muscles of the arms and legs

Blood vessels and intestines

Which two components of the nervous system must be intact to allow the patient to be conscious and fully​ oriented? A. Both cerebral hemispheres and the pons B. The thalamus and medulla C. The thalamus and the reticular activating system D. Both cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating system

Both cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating system

In which area of the brain is the cardiac center​ located? A. Cerebrum B. Pons C. Brainstem D. Cerebellum

Brainstem

The EMT arrives upon the scene and finds a person with a brain injury unresponsive and without a pulse or heart rate. Which portion of the nervous system is most likely​ affected? A. Brainstem B. Spinal cord C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum

Brainstem

Pain that is described as​ "caustic" by the patient​ is: A. Achy B. Burning C. Sharp D. Stabbing

Burning

Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth​ muscle? A. Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical​ impulse; smooth muscle cannot B. Cardiac muscle is able to​ extend; smooth muscle can only contract C. Cardiac muscle relies on an electrical impulse to be​ stimulated; smooth muscle does not D. Cardiac muscle does not need a blood​ supply; smooth muscle does

Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical​ impulse; smooth muscle cannot

Assessment of an elderly male patients reveals that he is confused. His family states that this status is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this​ information, in which area of the brain is this disease​ located? A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Brainstem D. Cerebrum

Cerebrum

What region of the brain is considered the center of consciousness and higher​ thought? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Midbrain

Cerebrum

If a patient is having a heart​ attack, what additional finding should the EMT be certain to assess​ for? A. Changes to the pupils B. Changes to the blood pressure C. Abnormal neurological changes D. Alterations in the blood glucose level

Changes to the blood pressure

A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure​ that: A. Holds and secures the bones of the knee B. Connects muscles to the knee C. Connects the muscles together surrounding the knee D. Attaches a ligament to the knee

Connects muscles to the knee

The left side of a​ patient's heart is in severe​ failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe​ first? A. Bone pain in the legs B. Crackles in the lungs C. Decreased respirations D. Swelling in the feet

Crackles in the lungs

Which of the following skeletal structures surrounds and protects an important neurological​ structure? A. Thoracic rib cage B. Nasal cavity C. Cranium D. Femur

Cranium

The alveoli of a​ patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at​ risk? A. Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body B. Collapse of the trachea and bronchi C. Decreased movement of air into the lungs D. Decreased movement of the diaphragm

Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

If a patient told an EMT that one of his doctors is a specialist in treating problems with the​ skin, the EMT would know that the patient is referring to what type of​ doctor? A. Dermatologist B. Gerontologist C. Hematologist D. Cytologist

Dermatologist

A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Given this​ treatment, which sign or symptom would the EMT expect to​ find? A. Low blood pressure B. Dilated pupils C. Dry and flushed skin D. Decreased heart rate

Dilated pupils

When palpating a pulse on top of the​ foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which​ vessel? A. Posterior tibial vein B. Dorsalis pedis artery C. Coronary artery D. Femoral vein

Dorsalis pedis artery

An abrasion affects which part of the​ skin? A. Epidermal and dermal layers B. Dermal layer C. Epidermis D. Dermal and subcutaneous layers

Epidermal and dermal layers

Which of the following​ hormones, if it was created into a​ medication, could result in an increase of the heart rate if it was​ administered? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Epinephrine C. Insulin D. Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

What is the basic function of the respiratory​ system? A. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment B. Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites C. Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream D. Transport oxygen throughout the body

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles​ relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens​ next? A. Exhalation B. Expansion C. Retraction D. Inhalation

Exhalation

Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the​ patient's: A. Head B. Extremities C. Chest D. Abdomen

Extremities

A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the​ body? A. Feet B. Arms C. Fingers D. Hands

Feet

A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability​ to: A. Digest fatty foods B. Filter and excrete wastes C. Absorb nutrients D. Produce all hormones

Filter and excrete wastes

A patient described as dysphagic presents​ as: A. Exhibiting a painful cough B. Having difficulty swallowing C. Having difficulty breathing D. Being unable to speak

Having difficulty swallowing

A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the​ gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this​ patient? A. He cannot store glycogen produced by the liver B. He must avoid meals high in complex carbohydrates C. He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats D. He will be more prone to gastric ulcers

He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats

A patient would see a cardiologist for a problem with what​ organ? A. Brain B. Heart C. Stomach D. Bones

Heart

An enlarged liver is best documented​ as: A. Gastric distention B. Ascites C. Hepatitis D. Hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly

You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use​ of: A. Compression B. Massage C. Ice D. Heat

Ice

A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the​ skin, he is now more susceptible​ to: A. Infection B. Heart problems C. Endocrine disorders D. Fluid overload

Infection

Following radiation therapy for breast​ cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to​ acquire? A. Bleeding B. Infection C. Hypoxia D. Low blood pressure

Infection

A patient with bronchitis is​ experiencing: A. Inflammation of the bronchi B. Infection of the alveoli C. Accumulation of mucus in the trachea D. Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles

Inflammation of the bronchi

Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs​ 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this​ injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional​ concern? A. Damage to the heart B. Damage to the false ribs C. Injury to the liver D. Pain from possible rib fractures

Injury to the liver

Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which​ structure(s) between the​ vertebrae? A. Spinal joints B. Vertebral nerve endings C. Spinal cord D. Intervertebral disks

Intervertebral disks

What is the primary function of the left​ atrium? A. It pumps blood to the lungs B. It receives blood from the vena cava C. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins D. It pumps blood to the body

It receives blood from the pulmonary veins

A patellar fracture affects which part of the​ body? A. Hip B. Elbow C. Tibia D. Knee

Knee

Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the​ front? A. Midaxillary line B. Midline C. Midclavicular line D. Anterior axillary line

Midline

As you arrive on​ scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this​ description, you would expect the​ patient's breathing to​ be: A. Rapid and shallow B. Irregular and deep C. Occasional and gasping D. Deep and fast

Occasional and gasping

A patient complains of extreme​ dizziness, headache, and other​ "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these​ symptoms? A. Occlusion of the popliteal vein B. Clot in the abdominal aorta C. Rupture of the radial vein D. Occlusion of the carotid arteries

Occlusion of the carotid arteries

After you apply and use the automated external​ defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this​ patient? A. On his stomach B. Supine with his head turned left C. On his back D. On his left side

On his left side

Which​ organ(s) is​ (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone​ progesterone? A. External genitals B. Testes C. Ovaries D. Uterus

Ovaries

To minimize friction when the heart​ contracts, what structure secretes fluid​ lubricant? A. Atrium B. Pericardial sac C. Tricuspid valves D. Ventricles

Pericardial sac

For the lungs to oxygenate​ blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which​ principle? A. Pathophysiology B. Physiology C. Anatomic actions D. Anatomy

Physiology

What term is used by the EMT when referring to the actual functioning and interrelatedness of the​ body's systems? A. Biology B. Physiology C. Anatomy D. Anatomical position

Physiology

What gland of the body helps to regulate circadian​ rhythms? A. Thyroid B. Pineal C. Pituitary D. Adrenal

Pineal

What is the name of the fluid that carries blood cells and​ nutrients? A. Hemoglobin B. Total body water C. Platelet fluid D. Plasma

Plasma

If a patient is unconscious without any injury to the neck or spine but you suspect there is fluid to drain from his​ mouth, it is BEST to place him in which​ position? A. Prone B. Recovery C. Trendelenburg D. Supine

Recovery

What is the name of the process that results in the movement of gases​ (oxygen and carbon​ dioxide) across cellular membranes in the lungs and in the peripheral​ tissues? A. Ventilation B. Perfusion C. Respiration D. Oxygenation

Respiration

Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury​ located? A. Right side of the abdomen B. Right chest C. Right lateral chest D. Right shoulder

Right lateral chest

The pulmonary system has the capability to store oxygen for how​ long? A. Several hours B. Several seconds C. Several minutes D. Several days

Several minutes

Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing​ inadequately? A. Respiratory rate of 16​ breaths/min in a child B. Chest wall motion outward of 1 inch during inhalation in an adult patient C. Shallow breathing at a rate of 30​ breaths/min in an infant D. Respiratory rate of 22​ breaths/min in an elderly patient

Shallow breathing at a rate of 30​ breaths/min in an infant

Which type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by​ tendons? A. Smooth B. Cardiac C. Involuntary D. Skeletal

Skeletal

What two electrolytes are shed through the skin during the regulation of water and electrolytes for thermoregulation in the​ body? A. Chloride and potassium B. Magnesium and sodium C. Sodium and chloride D. Potassium and sodium

Sodium and chloride

Which statement best describes the anatomic​ position? A. Supine position with arms at the side and palms facing downward B. Upright and facing backward with the arms raised and legs straight C. Prone position with arms upward and palms facing upward D. Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

If an EMT wanted to state what position the body was in when he​ arrived, given that the patient was found lying on his​ back, face​ up, he would use what term when communicating with other health care​ professionals? A. Trendelenburg B. Prone C. Supine D. Lateral

Supine

The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is​ called: A. Arterial B. Systolic C. Diastolic D. Osmotic

Systolic

During your secondary survey of a patient who is​ unresponsive, you obtain a blood glucose level​ (BGL) and find a value of 658​ mg/dL. To what part of the endocrine system would this disturbance best pertain​ to? A. Hypothyroid B. Parathyroid C. The Islets of Langerhans D. Thyroid

The Islets of Langerhans

Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the​ lungs? A. The diaphragm contracts B. The pressure in the chest increases C. The chest cavity decreases in size D. The intercostal muscles relax

The diaphragm contracts

What occurs during normal and unlabored​ exhalation? A. The intercostals relax and the diaphragm contracts. B. The intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes. C. The intercostals and the diaphragm contract. D. The intercostals and the diaphragm relax.

The intercostals and the diaphragm relax.

Which statement about the human anatomy is​ true? A. The shoulder is distal to the hand B. The hip is distal to the knee C. The knee is proximal to the ankle D. The hand is proximal to the elbow

The knee is proximal to the ankle

The basic function of the pulmonary​ system, known as​ "ventilation," refers to​ what? A. The monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. B. The rate at which the patient is breathing. C. The exchange of gases across cellular and alveolar membranes. D. The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

What is one of the purposes for the way in which the individual vertebrae are shaped and arranged in the​ body? A. To allow 360 degrees of twisting motion B. To protect the spinal cord C. To allow the back to extend farther than it can flex D. To produce red blood cells

To protect the spinal cord

When a patient is lying on his back with his feet elevated higher than his​ head, this is referred to as what​ position? A. Fowler's B. Recumbent C. Trendelenburg D. Semi-Fowler's

Trendelenburg

You arrive on scene for a patient who is unresponsive from a known drug overdose. Which of the following statements BEST represents the mechanism leading to​ unresponsiveness? A. Unresponsiveness is probably due to failure of the cerebellum and drug overdose. B. Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly. C. Unresponsiveness is probably due to hypocapnia. D. Unresponsiveness is probably due to hyperoxia.

Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly.

A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in​ his: A. Upper back B. Tailbone C. Lower back D. Neck

Upper back

What is the name of the structure in males and females that transports the urine from the kidneys to the urinary​ bladder? A. Ureters B. Vulva C. Renal pelvis D. Urethra

Ureters

When​ stimulated, the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system result in which of the following​ effects? A. Decreased blood pressure B. Vasoconstriction C. Relaxation of the bronchioles D. Increased heart rate

Vasoconstriction

What division of the nervous system influences all activity of skeletal muscles and​ movements? A. Central B. Voluntary C. Involuntary D. Autonomic

Voluntary

The EMT is caring for a patient who sustained a workplace injury and assesses the​ patient's ability to move his arms and legs. Which body system controls this​ movement? A. Endocrine system B. Integumentary system C. Voluntary nervous system D. Peripheral vascular system

Voluntary nervous system

The imaginary horizontal and vertical lines going through the navel create​ the: A. abdominal quadrants. B. thoracic regions. C. superior segments. D. inferior segments.

abdominal quadrants.

The structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other is​ called: A. anatomical position. B. biology. C. anatomy. D. physiology.

anatomy

Kidneys play an important role​ in: A. blood pressure control. B. the digestion of fats. C. removal of carbohydrates from the blood. D. urine storage.

blood pressure control.

The ribs move downward and​ inward, and the diaphragm rises​ during: A. inspiration. B. agonal gasps. C. exhalation. D. inhalation.

exhalation

The distal end of the​ penis, which contains the urethral​ opening, is called​ the: A. epididymis. B. vas deferens. C. glans. D. bulbourethral gland.

glans

The​ four-chambered muscular organ that lies within the thoracic cavity is called​ the: A. heart. B. kidney. C. liver. D. lung.

heart

Inspiration occurs when​ the: A. intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract. B. intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. C. diaphragm rises and the ribs move upward and outward. D. diaphragm rises and the ribs move downward and inward.

intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.

If an EMT was describing the location of a gunshot wound to the ED nurse and wanted to illustrate that the wound was toward the side of the​ chest, rather than the center of the​ chest, the EMT would use the​ term: A. ventral. B. medial. C. posterior. D. lateral.

lateral

The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of bile that helps to digest fat is​ the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. small intestine. D. gallbladder.

liver

The only movable part of the skull is​ the: A. zygoma. B. nasal bone. C. maxillae. D. mandible.

mandible

The part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow is called​ the: A. acromion. B. radius. C. carpal. D. olecranon.

olecranon

The medical term that is used to refer to the palm of the hand​ is: A. palomar. B. distal. C. palmar. D. plantar.

palmar

The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of juices that aid in the digestion of​ fats, starches, and proteins is​ the: A. pancreas. B. spleen. C. gallbladder. D. stomach.

pancreas

During a CE​ class, the instructor is speaking about the normal interrelatedness of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and how they affect the heart rate. The instructor is discussing an aspect of the​ body's: A. anatomy. B. pharmacology. C. physiology. D. pathophysiology.

physiology

The fluid component of the blood is​ called: A. sugar. B. clotting factors. C. plasma. D. platelets.

plasma

One of the MOST important functions of the skin​ is: A. producing vitamin A for the body. B. allowing the body to shed excess heat to the environment. C. serving as a site for melanin production. D. protecting the body from the environment.

protecting the body from the environment.

When the left ventricle​ contracts, it sends a wave of blood through the arteries. This wave of blood is called​ a(n): A. arteriole ejection. B. pulse. C. arterial ejection. D. diastolic wave.

pulse

The increased pliability of an​ infant's ribs and cartilage force the infant​ to: A. rely more on intercostal muscles for respiration. B. rely more on the diaphragm for breathing. C. rely more on breathing through his mouth rather than through his nose. D. brace himself when rolling over.

rely more on the diaphragm for breathing.

Anatomic differences between pediatric and adult airways require​ that: A. you notify medical direction before treating an infant for respiratory problems. B. specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues. C. treatment for respiratory problems be conducted the same without regard to age. D. only pediatric specialists treat children.

specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues.

The amount of air a patient breathes in and out with one regular breath is​ the: A. tidal volume. B. dead space. C. minute volume. D. alveolar volume.

tidal volume.

The structure through which urine passes to be eliminated from the body is​ the: A. calyx. B. ureter. C. loop of Henle. D. urethra.

urethra

Sperm formed in the testes travel from the epididymis to the urethra by a hollow tube called​ the: A. bulbourethral gland. B. vas deferens. C. prostate. D. seminal vesicle.

vas deferens.

The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs is​ called: A. ventilation. B. respiration. C. oxygenation. D. perfusion.

ventilation

Which combination of joint and location allows for the widest range of​ motion? A. Condyloid joint in the wrist B. Saddle joint in the ankle C. Ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder D. Gliding joint in the hand

​Ball-and-socket joint in the shoulder

Identify both the type of muscle and the property of that muscle that has the ability to initiate its own impulse. A. Voluntary: excitation B. ​Smooth: pre-excitation C. Cardiac: automaticity D. ​Skeletal: automaticity

​Cardiac: automaticity

The spinal column is composed of which​ sections, described in order from most superior to most​ inferior? A. Cervical, thoracic,​ lumbar, sacral, and coccyx B. ​Coccyx, lumbar,​ thoracic, cervical, and sacral C. ​Cervical, lumbar,​ thoracic, sacral, and coccyx D. Thoracic, lumbar,​ cervical, coccyx, and sacral

​Cervical, thoracic,​ lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this​ injury? A. Orbit, lumbar, or shin B. Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals C. Radius, ulna,​ humerus, or carpals D. Femur, tibia, or fibula

​Femur, tibia, or fibula