Chapter 7 Axial
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
carpals
A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a __?__.
crest
Which of the following is a cranial bone that is located anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones and contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve?
ethmoid
Which of the following types of bone is the occipital bone?
flat
In infants, hydrocephalus, water on the brain, causes bulging and swelling in the head. The head appears larger than expected. Two important diseases that cause hydrocephalus are toxoplasmosis and the Zika virus. What structure in the axial skeletal system will bulge?
fontanellles
An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a __?__.
foramen
A rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a __?__.
head
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
help absorb ventrical shock to the spinal column
Which condition is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies in the vertebral column?
herniated disc
Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?
hyoid
Craniodiaphysial dysplasia is a bone disorder that causes calcium to accumulate in the skull. These deposits of calcium decrease the foramina size in the skull. Which of the following would NOT be an effect of smaller foramina?
inadequate blood flow to structures in the skull intracranial hypertnsion (high blood pressure in the skull) compression of cranial nerves
Which condition is also called "hunchback" due to an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral
kyphosis
The _?__ suture articulates with the most bones in the skull.
lambdoid
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called __?__.
ortyopedics
Which of the following bones is called the "keystone" of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone?
sphenoid
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
sphenoid
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?
strangulation
The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the ___?__ of the temporal bone.
styloid process
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), called CSF otorrhea, though the ear structures is a rare but potentially life-threatening situation that requires rapid intervention. A finding of CSF in the middle ear would potentially indicate damage to which bone?
temporal
Which bone forms the zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone?
temporal
Which of the following cranial bones contains the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible?
temporal
Which of the following cranial bones forms the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor?
temporal
Craniosyntosis occurs when bones in an infant skull fuse too early causing a misshapen head. Which of the following bones would NOT be involved in craniosyntosis?
temporal occipital parietal sphenoid frontal
Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone?
they allow bones to shorten or lenghten
The two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the __?__ curves.
thoracic and sacral
The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the __?___
transverse process of a thoracic vertebra
Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called __?__ ribs.
true
Which are the three components of the nasal septum?
vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Which of the following bones houses a sac that collects tears and passes them into the nasal cavity?
lacrimal
Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans?
L4
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The appendicular skeleton does not include the pelvic and pectoral girdles.
Which of following facial bones is a single (unpaired) bone in the human skull?
mandible
Which facial bone articulates with teeth?
maxillae
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?
occipital
What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas?
odontoid process
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?
parietal
Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region?
scoliosis
The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in which cranial bone?
sphenoid
The sella turcica is a bony depression found in which cranial bone?
sphenoid
If cerebrospinal fluid was in the nasal cavity, this would indicate damage to the __?__.
sphenoid ethmoid forntal
Which of the following is classified as a flat bone?
sternum
Hyaline cartilage is associated with numerous structures in the skeletal system. Which bones and structures of the axial skeletal area are NOT associated with hyaline cartilage?
costal cartilages xiphoid process septal cartilages
Inflammation of one or more costal cartilages can mimic chest pain associated with a heart attack. What is this condition called?
costochondritis
Which of the following structures passes through the foramen magnum?
cranical nerve XI (accessory)
Bones in the following area protect the brain.
cranium
