Chapter 7: Blood (Hicks - Biology 109)

A researcher wants to produce antibodies by growing cells in the laboratory. What cell population would be necessary to accomplish this? A) eosinophils B) lymphocytes C) monocytes D) neutrophils E) red blood cells

B) lymphocytes

Red blood cells are accurately described as __________. A) large and oblong B) small and flat C) rigid and inflexible D) multinucleate

B) small and flat

A person with type A- (A-negative) blood will have __________. A) Rh antigens on the red blood cells B) type A antigens on the red blood cells C) type A plasma antibodies D) all of these

B) type A antigens on the red blood cells

Leukocyte that releases histamine to cause an inflammatory response

Basophil

Results of an ABO blood typing indicate agglutination reactions when anti-A and anti-B are added to the blood sample. The blood type of the individual would therefore be: A) A B) B C) O D) AB E) not enough information given to determine blood type

D) AB

Filled with hemoglobin

Erythrocyte

an agranulocyte that targets and then destroys cancer cells and viral-infected cells

T lymphocyte

(True/False) Most of the time, Rh incompatibility between mother (Rh-) and fetus (Rh+) doesn't cause fetal health problems with the woman's first pregnancy.

True

Which property do red blood cells and platelets have in common? A) Both lack a nucleus. B) Both are derived from erythroblasts. C) They are found in approximately equal numbers in the circulating blood. D) Both transport oxygen.

A) Both lack a nucleus

Which of the following statements can we accurately use to describe hemoglobin? A) Hemoglobin is the four-stranded protein molecule found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the individual body cells. B) Hemoglobin is a protein found in white blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to individual cells. C) Hemoglobin is the protein that is responsible for turning megakaryocytes into doughnut-shaped red blood cells. D) Hemoglobin is the protein that is either found in decreased amounts or totally absent in persons with hemophilia. This lack then prevents normal blood clotting.

A) Hemoglobin is the four-stranded protein molecule found in red blood cells that carried oxygen to the individual body cells

Jason has just spent four weeks in Rocky Mountain National Park, studying plants that grow above 10,000 feet elevation. Which of the following would be a likely change in his blood because of time spent at high elevation? A) increased number of red blood cells B) increased number of platelets C) increased amount of globulins in the plasma D) increased number of white blood cells

A) increased number of red blood cells

gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

B lymphocyte

Which one of the following blood types can a person with blood type B safely receive in a blood transfusion? A) O B) B and O C) AB D) A E) B

B) B and O

Which of the following steps in the formation of a blood clot occurs last? A) The injured blood vessel constricts, reducing blood flow. B) Clotting proteins form an insoluble mesh. C) Platelets in the blood swell and form sticky extensions. D) A platelet plug forms.

B) Clotting proteins form an insoluble mesh.

What could result if an Rh-negative woman gives birth to an Rh-positive baby? A) Maternal anti-AB antibodies may be made. B) Maternal anti-Rh antibodies may be made. C) The baby will become Rh-negative. D) There would be increased numbers of red blood cells resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

B) Maternal anti-RH antibodies may be made.

What can we say about the origin and structure of platelets? A) Platelets are distinct cell types that originate in the spleen. B) Platelets are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes. C) Platelets are cell fragments formed when leukocytes burst. D) Platelets are distinct cells that arise when red blood cells divide. E) Platelets are fragments of red blood cells.

B) Platelets are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes.

Histamine is released from which one of the following types of leukocyte to stimulate the inflammatory response? A) eosinophil B) basophil C) monocyte D) neutrophil E) lymphocyte

B) basophil

Anemia is: A) a cancerous growth of immature white blood cells B) contagious C) a decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood D) a cancerous growth of plasma cells

C) a decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood

Hemophilia results from __________. A) an insufficient number of red blood cells B) an abnormal type of hemoglobin C) a lack of one or more plasma proteins involved in blood clotting D) an insufficient number of platelets

C) a lack of one or more plasma proteins involved in blood clotting

The iron atom of a heme group within hemoglobin functions to __________. A) extend the life of a mature red blood cell in the absence of a nucleus B) bind the heme group to the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin C) bind oxygen D) keep red blood cells suspended in plasma

C) bind oxygen

Which one of the following populations of cells is most markedly increased during bacterial infections? A) lymphocytes B) red blood cells C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) platelets

C) neutrophils

Which white blood cells are present in the greatest number in the blood and are the body's first responders to infection? A) platelets B) monocytes C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes

C) neutrophils

About 55% of whole blood is ________, which is/are mostly made up of water. A) clotting proteins B) hemoglobin C) plasma D) hematocrit E) white blood cells

C) plasma

A high hematocrit might indicate A) excessive production of platelets B) too many white blood cells in circulation C) polycythemia D) anemia E) inadequate red blood cell production

C) polycythemia

Erythropoietin stimulates production of __________ in response to __________. A) fibrin; increased fibrinogen levels B) platelets; blood vessel damage C) red blood cells; low oxygen availability D) white blood cells; infection

C) red blood cells; low oxygen availability

If an individual is O+, which of the following antigens are on the surface of his or her red blood cells? A) A and B B) O C) O and Rh D) Rh E) A, B, and Rh

D) Rh

Which of the following can lead to anemia? A) insufficient iron in the diet B) insufficient Vitamin B12 absorption from the digestive tract C) spending several weeks at a high altitude D) both insufficient iron in the diet and insufficient Vitamin B12 absorption from the digestive tract

D) both insufficient iron in the diet and insufficient Vitamin B12 absorption from the digestive tract

Blood displays a bright red color when: A) oxygen is released by hemoglobin as blood travels through capillaries B) carbon dioxide binds to the heme group of hemoglobin C) plasma albumin levels increase as blood goes through the lungs D) four oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin to create oxyhemoglobin E) deoxyhemoglobin is formed in blood plasma

D) four oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin to create oxyhemoglobin

Mononucleosis: A) is the result of a bacterial infection B) symptoms include easy bruising and bone pain C) is not contagious D) has no known cure

D) has no known cure

A damaged red blood cell is removed from circulation by: A) returning to red bone marrow and autolyzing. B) being actively transported into macrophages in the liver and spleen. C) endocytosis directed by monocytes. D) phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen. E) basophils releasing histamine to stimulate breakdown of RBCs.

D) phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.

Which of the following make(s) up the greatest volume of whole blood? A) white blood cells B) platelets C) red blood cells D) plasma

D) plasma

When discussing blood plasma, we can correctly say that ________. A: the plasma is a rather viscous substance containing very little water B) plasma carries specialized cells called monocytes, which are responsible for the transport of ions, hormones, gases, nutrients, and wastes C) the plasma contains alpha globulins that are also known as clotting proteins D) plasma contains albumins that help to maintain osmotic balance E) plasma transports beta and gamma globulins, which are responsible for regulation of body temperature

D) plasma contains albumins that help to maintain osmotic balance

An individual who has blood type A can receive a transfusion of which of the following blood types? A) type A and type B B) only type A C) type A and type AB D) type A and type O

D) type A and type O

When a blood vessel gets damaged, contractions of smooth muscle referred to as ________ help constrict the vessel to reduce blood flow. A) hemostasis B) formed elements C) homeostasis D) vascular spasms E) endocytosis

D) vascular spasms

Which of the following blood components protects the individual from a variety of infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses? A) platelets B) red blood cells C) albumin D) white blood cells

D) white blood cells

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding deoxyhemoglobin? A) Deoxyhemoglobin has a bright red color. B) Deoxyhemoglobin is located in white blood cells, unlike oxyhemoglobin. C) Deoxyhemoglobin delivers oxygen to tissues that have a high oxygen demand. D) Deoxyhemoglobin would form in organs with a high concentration of oxygen, such as the lungs. E) Deoxyhemoglobin is found in blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities.

E) Deoxyhemoglobin is found in blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities.

Foreign cells that enter the human body have unique cell surface proteins, known as ________, which stimulate the body's defense to attack. A) Rh factors B) leukocytes C) platelets D) antibodies E) antigens

E) antigens

Name the specific type of granular leukocyte that releases histamines that are important in the inflammatory response. A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) monocytes D) lymphocytes E) basophils

E) basophils

Which one of the following occurs first in the process of hemostasis? A) destruction of calcium ions B) blood clotting C) production of fibrin D) formation of a platelet plug E) vascular spasm

E) vascular spasm

Large white blood cell that leaves the blood to go into body tissue and becomes a macrophage

Monocyte

protects the body from parasitic infections

eosinophil

erythropoietin stimulates stem cells to make this type of cell

erythrocyte

the most abundant type of white blood cell

eutrophil

remains in the bone marrow but participates in the dotting process

megakaryocyte

the first white blood cell to combat an infection

neutrophil