Chapter 7 - Nutrition Through the Lifespan
Which of the following statements is false regarding lead toxicity? A. Its symptoms are improved by iron deficiency. B. It compromises brain function. C. It can come from lead-based paint in ceramic dishware. D. It is implicated in behavioral problems. E. Lead may leach into the water supply from lead-soldered pipes.
A. Its symptoms are improved by iron deficiency.
Which of the following are signs or symptoms of morning sickness that may develop during pregnancy? A. Nausea and/or vomiting B. Diarrhea and electrolyte loss C. Constipation and hemorrhoids D. Heartburn and esophagitis E. All of the above
A. Nausea and/or vomiting
Adolescent girls gain more _____ while boys gain more _____. A. fat, muscle B. muscle, fat C. bone, brain D. brain, bone E. None of the above
A. fat, muscle
The adolescent Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) formula includes the addition of _____ Calories per day. A. 5 B. 25 C. 300 D. 500 E. None of the above
B. 25
Good nutrition and growth during infancy and childhood are monitored by: A. sexual maturity ratings. B. growth grids. C. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values. D. body systems. E. psychosocial parameters.
B. growth grids.
Allergy risk may increase from too-early exposure to: A. fiber. B. solid foods. C. formula. D. A and C E. A, B, and C
B. solid foods.
By age one year, an infant's body weight has usually _____ as compared to her or his weight at birth. A. doubled B. tripled C. quadrupled D. A or B E. A or B or C
B. tripled
Which of the following is false about maturation during adolescence? A. Girls have increased height earlier than boys. B. Boys have mature pubic hair earlier than girls. C. Girls experience menarche around age 16. D. Boys and girls undergo cognitive maturation. E. Boys and girls undergo psychosocial maturation.
C. Girls experience menarche around age 16.
Which of the following is an inborn error of metabolism that is screened for in the United States? A. Down syndrome B. Cystic fibrosis C. Phenylketonuria (PKU) D. Sickle cell anemia E. All of the above
C. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Which of the following food programs is not intended to meet the needs of children in need? A. Women, Infants, and Children B. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program C. The Nutrition Services Incentive Program D. The National School Lunch Program E. The School Breakfast Program
C. The Nutrition Services Incentive Program
Which of following statements is false regarding infant development at birth? A. They can detect the smell of the mother's breast milk. B. Their sense of touch is fairly developed. C. Their urinary system is fairly developed. D. Their brain is about 25% developed. E. Their respiration initiates.
C. Their urinary system is fairly developed.
The recommended amount of prenatal weight gain is based upon: A. maternal girth circumference. B. maternal blood pressure. C. maternal height and weight before pregnancy. D. maternal bone mineral density. E. maternal fasting blood sugar.
C. maternal height and weight before pregnancy.
If a child has not outgrown a food allergy by age _____, then he or she will likely have the food allergy for life. A. one B. two C. three D. four E. five
C. three
Which of the following statements is false regarding childhood diet and lifestyle? A. Active kids are healthy kids. B. Cognitive development is influenced by nutrition. C. A daily routine with regular meals and snacks supports healthy eating. D. Dietary recommendations for protein and fat are lower for children than for adults. E. The division of responsibility for feeding children promotes positive eating patterns.
D. Dietary recommendations for protein and fat are lower for children than for adults.
Which of the following is an appropriate feeding method during infancy? A. Using candy as a reward for good behavior B. Diluting infant formula to feed the baby C. Putting the baby to bed to self feed with a bottle D. Giving infants the opportunity to master self feeding E. Introducing solid foods at two months of age
D. Giving infants the opportunity to master self feeding
Which of the following types of cell division is used to reduce the number of chromosomes in a sperm cell? A. Fission B. Budding C. Mitosis D. Meiosis E. Regeneration
D. Meiosis
By using traditional hormone replacement therapy, the chances increase of contracting all of the following except: A. cancer. B. blood clots. C. stroke. D. osteoporosis. E. heart attack
D. osteoporosis.
It is true that children: A. have different needs for carbohydrates than adults. B. need less protein per kilogram body weight than adults. C. should consume a low-fat diet. D. should get their nutrients from whole, fresh foods rather than processed foods. E. None of the above are true.
D. should get their nutrients from whole, fresh foods rather than processed foods.
How many minutes of physical activity each day are recommended for children? A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 45 E. 60
E. 60
Childhood obesity is promoted by: A. eating while watching television. B. consuming excess Calories from sugary soda. C. spending too much time in sedentary behaviors. D. A and B E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
How can a child's fluid intake need be met? A. Drinking milk B. Drinking water C. Eating fluid-rich foods like whole fruits and vegetables D. A and B E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
Infant formula that is diluted with too much water can cause: A. failure to thrive. B. protein-energy malnutrition. C. hyponatremia. D. A and B E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
Which of the following can cause problems with dental health in infants? A. Putting a baby to bed with a bottle B. Inadequate fluoride C. Eating protein rich-foods before bedtime D. A and B E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
Poor diet and lifestyle choices during adolescence can lead to increased risk for: A. heart disease. B. type 2 diabetes. C. cancer. D. osteoporosis. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Regular prenatal exercise can: A. improve mood. B. control weight gain. C. reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes. D. reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia. E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal health issue that may develop during pregnancy? A. Nausea B. Vomiting C. Constipation D. Heartburn E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is least likely to be an adolescent fitness activity? A. Running B. Basketball C. Swimming D. Soccer E. Jumping
E. Jumping
Which of the following nutrients is not implicated in dental health? A. Calcium B. Phosphorus C. Magnesium D. Fluoride E. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin E
Adolescent boys have higher DRIs for every essential nutrient as compared to adolescent girls.
False
Breast-fed babies are usually larger in size than formula-fed babies.
False
Food jags are usually long-lived, restrictive eating patterns experienced during infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
False
Foods tend to taste more sweet and salty to a person with advanced age.
False
Infants should be discouraged from making a mess while eating.
False
It is good practice to encourage children to clean their plates at dinner time.
False
Most adolescents consume an adequate amount of dietary fiber.
False
Most infants begin walking unassisted by nine months of age.
False
Most teens consume enough fruits and vegetables.
False
Older adults can expect to experience an increase in thirst sensation.
False
Poor dietary choices are a major contributor to adolescent acne.
False
The DRI for protein is lower for older adults due to the decline in muscle mass with aging.
False
The DRIs for a lactating woman are the same as for a pregnant woman.
False
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for a pre-conceptual woman are higher for iron and folic acid only.
False
A 16-year-old adolescent girl has a higher Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for iron than a 16-year-old adolescent boy.
True
A lactating woman needs additional Calories each day, depending on the baby's age, as compared to a non-lactating postpartum woman.
True
A reduction in lean body mass contributes to a reduction in Calorie need in older adults.
True
A well-balanced diet, higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids, vegetable proteins, and fiber support fertility.
True
Children tend to like sweet foods more than sour foods.
True
Cognitive development during adolescence is characterized by acquisition of abstract thinking skills.
True
Dementia can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12.
True
Diseases and conditions associated with adult obesity can occur with childhood obesity.
True
Geriatrics is the medical study of older adults.
True
Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia may develop during pregnancy.
True
Girls usually go through their adolescent growth spurt before boys.
True
If a child is obese then there is a good chance that the child will be obese as an adult.
True
If a child reacts to how his or her food touches another food, then that child probably has a food ritual.
True
In the division of responsibility, children are in control of whether or not they eat what their parent or caregiver provides them.
True
Infants require two to four times more Calories per kilogram body weight than adults.
True
Infants should be given age-appropriate opportunities for physical activity.
True
Most infants have a leaky gut at birth.
True
Olfaction (the ability to smell) greatly affects gustation (the ability to taste), even during infancy.
True
The absorption of vitamin B12 is often compromised in the elderly.
True
The cumulative damage from oxidative stress promotes senescence.
True
The goal for prenatal nutrition is to supply the energy, nutrients, and fiber needed for maternal structural changes, maternal function, and the developing embryo or fetus.
True
The nutritional needs for energy and protein are greater during lactation as compared to the needs of a pre-conceptual female.
True
The primary type of carbohydrate consumed during the first six months of infancy is lactose.
True
Vegetables should be introduced before fruits during infancy.
True