Chapter 7 Terms & Concepts

Inflation and unemployment rise sharply

external force

Managerial Innovations

a change in the management process in an organization

Innovation

the managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services or new uses for existing products or services

Business process change

the radical redesign of all aspects of a business to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time

In order to provide managers with information about employees' perceptions and attitudes, an organization development consultant would ____________________

Conduct an employee survey

Pessimistic forecasts by industry analysts

External Force

A competitor introduces a much better product, so company managers lower prices below profitability

Reactive Change

If the management team decides to target people as the first area for organization change, what should you recommend?

Develop a planned effort for organization development

According to the seven-step comprehensive model of change, which steps should a manager perform before choosing an appropriate change technique?

Diagnose the relevant variables Establish goals for the change Recognize the need for change

Which of the following are assumptions underlying organization development? (OD)

Employees want to grow and develop The charter of the organization influences employee behavior Employees have a strong need to be accepted by others in the organization

Proposed change interventions related to your company's technology and operations include which of the following?

Enterprise resource planning Information Technology Work Sequences

The other major area of organizational change addresses people, attitudes, and behavior. Changes to which of the following would relate to this category?

Expectations Abilities and skills Values

planned change

change that is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events

Technology and Operations

Information technology, equipment, work processes, work sequences, control systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Technical innovations

a change in the appearance or performance of products or services, or of the physical processes through which a product or service passes

Radical Innovations

a new product, service, or technology that completely replaces an existing one

incremental Innovations

a new product, service, or technology that modifies an existing one

Reactive change

a piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop

organizational development

an effort that is planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, intended to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's process, using behavioral science knowledge

Organization Change

any substantive modification to some part of the organization

The radical redesign of all aspects of an organization is known as

business process change

An innovation that completely replaces an existing product or service is _________________ innovation, while an innovation that modifies an existing product or service is __________________ innovation

radical incremental

A major earthquake occurs, and the organization's managers carry out predetermined steps to ensure employee and customer safety

Planned change

Enterprise resource planning

A large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise

Which of the following is a significant trend today in people management?

Many organizations seek greater collaboration between management and line employees

Organization Structure and Design

- Job design - Departmentalization - Reporting relationships - Authority distribution - Coordination mechanisms - Line-staff structure - Overall design - Culture - Human Resource Management

Innovation that improves user experience

Internal Force

Product Innovations

A change in the physical characteristics or performance of an existing product or service or the creation of a new product or service

Process innnovations

A change in the way a product or service is manufactured, created, or distributed.

People

Abilities and skills Performance Perceptions Expectations Attitudes Values

Force Field Analysis (Categorize each force as being either "for" or "against") 1. Job Security: 2. Focus on corporate mission: 3. Threatened self-interests: 4. Ability to compete effectively:

Against change For change Against change For Change

Laws affecting the industry, such as internet neutrality legislation

External Force

Older employees retire, and the younger emploees who replace them value different benefits external or internal force?

Internal force

Intrapreneurs

Similar to entrepreneurs except that they develop new businesses in the context of a large organization

Lewin Model of Change

Step 1: Recognizing why change is needed Step 2: Making the change Step 3: Making the change

Which of the following types of ideas relate to changes in your company's organizational structure and design?

Job Design Authority Distribution Line-staff structure Culture

Which of the following techniques are NOT likekly to help a manager overcome resistance to organization change?

Make sure employees know that they should not share their opinions, since senior management has too much to accomplish in this time of transition ignore forces acting against change, since once the decision to change has been made, change is inetivable Tell employees the minimum necessary information about the change so that they can continue to do their jobs without added stress.

in which stage of the innovation process do most competitors have access to the innovation?

Maturity

Three Main Areas of Change

Orgnization Structure and Design Technology and Operations People

Which of the following conditions tend to promote innovation in organizations?

Payment and other recognition for creative ideas A culture that encourages creativity and risk taking