Chapter 7 vocab. Chemistry

Binary compound

A binary compound is a chemical compound that contains exactly two different elements. Examples of binary ionic compounds include calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium fluoride (NaF), and magnesium oxide (MgO), whilst examples of a binary covalent compounds include water (H2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Nomenclature

A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The nomenclature used most frequently worldwide is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Monatomic ion

A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of a single atom. If an ion contains more than one atom, even if these atoms are of the same element, it is called a polyatomic ion. For example, calcium carbonate consists of the monatomic ion Ca2+ and the polyatomic ion CO32−.

Salt

In chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of related numbers of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge).

Percentage composition

Percentage composition is the percentage of a formula mass represented by each element. Percentage composition compares the mass of one part of a substance to the mass of the whole.

Formula mass

The formula mass of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the empirical formula of the compound.

Oxidation state

The oxidation state, often called the oxidation number, is an indicator of the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.

Empirical formula

a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms.

Oxidation number

a number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative) by an atom of that element in the compound.

Oxyanion

an anion containing one or more oxygen atoms bonded to another element (as in the sulfate and carbonate ions).