chapter 8-9 quiz 3-5

For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last? 7 hours 90 minutes 4 hours 10 minutes

90 minutes

What is a typical characteristic of insomnia? Consistently feeling sleepy during the day Consistently getting less than 6 hours of sleep per night Spending at least 50 percent less REM sleep than normal Spending more time in NREM sleep than in REM sleep

Consistently feeling sleepy during the day

What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality? Pseudo-psychedelic visions Hypnagogic hallucinations Occipital illusions Idiopathic hallucinations

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Yuki is considering taking melatonin supplements to correct her sleep cycle. When should she take them As soon as she wakes up in the morning. Around noon after she eats lunch. Each time she wakes up in the middle of the night. In the late afternoon a few hours before she wants to sleep.

In the late afternoon a few hours before she wants to sleep.

Which hormone controls the rate at which glucose leaves the blood and enters the cells? CCK Glucagon Aldosterone Insulin

Insulin

Why do both high levels and very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating? Glucose leaves the blood to be stored as fat. Fat supplies are being rapidly converted to glucose. Activity of the taste buds is directly enhanced. Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel.

Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel.

Which hypothesis suggests that dreams are just thinking that takes place under unusual conditions? Activation-synthesis Freudian Evolutionary Neurocognitive

Neurocognitive

During ____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles. transitions from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness wakefulness REM sleep NREM sleep

REM sleep

An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45-minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minute periods of darkness. What is likely to happen? The alternating patterns allow for normal rhythm development. They are able to sleep during rest periods. They sleep poorly during rest periods. They are fully alert during wakeful periods.

They sleep poorly during rest periods.

Suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light. You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6. What rhythm, if any, will your alertness and body temperature show? They will follow a rhythm of 18 hours. They will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours. They will cease to show any consistent rhythm. They will follow a rhythm of 21 hours.

They will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours.

An electroencephalograph displays ____. the electrical resistance of the scalp action potentials of individual neurons the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain a net average of all the neurons' potentials

a net average of all the neurons' potentials

A set point refers to ____ the regulation of blood flow the release of hormones at a set point in time a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level initiating a change in body temperature at a set point in time

a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level

It appears from research with cats that one function of the messages from the pons to the spinal cord is to prevent us from ____. acting out our dreams sleeping too soundly dreaming having difficulty falling asleep

acting out our dreams

Felipa took an allergy medicine and it made her very drowsy. This is because it _____. blocked GABA decreased adenosine blocked histamine stimulated acetylcholine

blocked histamine

Vasopressin raises blood pressure by ____. increasing the blood's salt concentration causing the blood vessels to dilate decreasing the blood's salt concentration constricting the blood vessels

constricting the blood vessels

Sixta has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Although her doctors are not sure if it caused her disorder or is a result of it, but Sixta has disrupted levels of _____ release. serotonin glucagon insulin dopamine

dopamine

After damage to the lateral hypothalamus, animals ____. eat more eat less show normal hypovolemic thirst but not osmotic thirst show normal osmotic thirst but not hypovolemic thirst

eat less

High levels of leptin are associated with ____ increased activity and eating increased activity and decreased eating decreased activity and increased eating decreased activity and eating

increased activity and decreased eating

The temperature required by reproductive cells of birds and most mammals is ____ higher than the rest of the body lower than the rest of the body fluctuating in direct opposition to changes in body temperature the same as the internal organs of the body

lower than the rest of the body

Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as ____. negative feedback thermostasis homeothermic positive feedback

negative feedback

Taste and other mouth sensations contribute to ____. hunger satiety overeating thirst

satiety

A recent hypothesis proposed that the role of REM is ____. to bring to the surface the individual's unconscious wishes no different than the role of NREM to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes to shake the eyeballs back and forth so the individual moves from REM to NREM

to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes