Chapter 8

At birth head and trunk are _____ times are long as lower limbs

1.5

How many phalanges of the toes?

14

Upper-lower body ratio of _____ by age 10

1:1

The carpus consists of how many irregular rows

2

How many bones for each upper limb?

30

the metacarpus consists of how many metacarpals?

5

The metatarsus consists of?

5 small long bones

The carpus consists of?

8 marble sized bones

Deep cup holding head of the femur

Acetabulum

the ball shaped head of the femur articulates with the?

Acetabulum

The fibula stabilizes the?

Ankle joint

The patella protects the knee ___

Anteriorly

Hip bones unite ____ with each other

Anteriorly (pubic symphysis)

The upper limb is grouped into bones of the?

Arm Forearm Hand

A deep basin like structured formed by coxal bones, sacrum and coccyx

Bony pelvis

What is the proximal articulation of the radius?

Capitulum

Distal radius articulates with

Carpal bones

The distal ends of the forearms articulates with the?

Carpals

What bones are found in the hand?

Carpus Metacarpals Phalanges

Only the ____ articulates with the axial skeleton

Clavicle

What are types of pectoral girdle

Clavicle and scapula

What holds the scapulae and arms laterally

Clavicles

Soles of the feet turn medially

Clubfoot

The pelvic girdle consists of paired?

Coxal bones

The metacarpus is _____ with the proximal phalanges

Distally

Pectoral girdles ____ encircle body completely

Do not

Where is the scapulae located?

Dorsal surface of rib cage between ribs 2-7

In the forearm, the radius and ulna articulate with?

Each other

Scapulae join each other and axial skeleton T/F

False

The ulna has a large role in hand movement. T/F

False

The part of the pelvis bounded by alae of the iliac bones

False (greater) pelvis

What are the two regions of bony pelvis?

False and true pelvis

Lower limbs grow _____ than the trunk

Faster

What is the major difference between the male and female pelvis?

Female pelvis is lighter, wider, and shallower, provides more room in the true pelvis

The longest and strongest bone of the body

Femur

The single bone of the thigh

Femur

The distal end of the ulna is separated from carpals by?

Fibrocartilage

The _____ does not contribute to the knee joint

Fibula

The less massive, lateral, little if any weight transmitted through it bone of the leg

Fibula

What metatarsal supports body weight?

First

The _____ is shallow with good flexibility but poor stability

Glenoid cavity

What allows the forearm to flex/extend arm?

Hinge joint

Head of the femur slips out of the acetabulum

Hip dysplasia

What bone articulates with the radius and ulna distally?

Humerus

What bones articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula proximally?

Humerus

What is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb

Humerus

What is the only bone of the arm?

Humerus

the proximal end of the forearm articulate with the?

Humerus

Large, flaring bones that forms the superior region of the coxal bone

Ilium

Part to the coxal bone that is site of attachment for many muscles

Ilium

What are the 3 separate bones of the local that are present in childhood

Ilium Ischium Pubis

Growth of the appendicular skeleton?

Increases height and changes body proportions

Arches of the foot are maintained by

Interlocking shapes of tarsals, ligaments, and tendons

Connects the tibia and fibula

Interosseous membrane

The radius and ulna are interconnected by the pigment made up of?

Interosseous membrane

The strongest part of the hip bone

Ischial tuberosities

Forms posteroinferiror region of the coxal bone

Ischium

Tibia articulates with femur at proximal end to form the

Knee joint

The radius is _____ to ulna

Lateral

What are the 3 angles of the scapulae?

Lateral Superior Inferior

Joins the scapulae

Lateral end of clavicle

What are the arches of the foot

Longitudinal Medial Lateral Transverse

Carries the entire weight of the erect body

Lower limb

Articulates with the manubrium and first rib

Medial end of clavicle

Few changes occur in the adult skeleton until?

Middle age

The metacarpals is the?

Palm

the triangular sesamoid bone

Patella

Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk

Pectoral girdle

Attachment for muscles and upper limb movement

Pectoral girdle

The clavicles are attachment for what muscles

Pectoralis major Trapezius Sternocleiodomastoid Deltoid

Attaches lower limbs to spine

Pelvic girdle

Attaches the lower limbs to the trunk

Pelvic girdle

Supports visceral organs

Pelvic girdle

The pelvic girdle articulates ____ with the sacrum

Posteriorly

What are the three phalanges called?

Proximal Middle Distal

The true wrist is located?

Proximal region of the hand

The metacarpus is _____ with distal row of carpals

Proximally

The two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline

Pubic symphysis

Forms the anterior region of the coxal bone

Pubis

Part of the coxal bone that lies horizontally in anatomical position

Pubis

The ischium anteriorly joins the?

Pubis

The patella is embedded in the tendon of the?

Quadriceps muscles

What is medially of the radius?

Radial notch of the ulna

What contributes heavily to the wrist joint

Radius

What bones form the forearm?

Radius and ulna

Ilium articulation with the sacrum forms the ?

Sacroiliac joint

The proximal row from lateral to medial of the carpus

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform

The adult skeleton changes when?

Skeleton loses mass Osteoporosis and limb fractures become more common

What are the 3 borders of the scapulae?

Superior Medial (vertebral) Lateral (axillary)

The functions of the foot?

Support body weight Lever to propel body forward when walking Adapts to uneven ground

Body weight is primarily transmitted though ___ and ____

Talus and calcaneus

The tarsus contains 7 bones called?

Tarsals

Makes up the posterior half of the foot

Tarsus

The foot is composed of ?

Tarsus Metatarsus Phalanges

What are the three segments of the lower limb?

Thigh Leg Foot

Except for the what? Each finger has three phalanges

Thumb

The metacarpals are numbered 1-5 beginning with the?

Thumb

The more massive, medial, and receives weight of the body from the femur bone of the leg

Tibia

The leg is composed of the?

Tibia and fibula

The distal row from later to medial of the carpus

Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Lower limb bones are thicker and stronger than those of the upper limb. T/F

True

The phalanges of the toes are smaller and less nimble than those of fingers. T/F

True

The part of the bony pelvis that forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs

True (lesser) pelvis

Main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus

Ulna

Differ in function but have similar structural plan

Upper and lower limbs

The carpus is the ?

Wrist

the tibia articulates with talus at distal end to form the

ankle joint