Chapter 8
At birth head and trunk are _____ times are long as lower limbs
1.5
How many phalanges of the toes?
14
Upper-lower body ratio of _____ by age 10
1:1
The carpus consists of how many irregular rows
2
How many bones for each upper limb?
30
the metacarpus consists of how many metacarpals?
5
The metatarsus consists of?
5 small long bones
The carpus consists of?
8 marble sized bones
Deep cup holding head of the femur
Acetabulum
the ball shaped head of the femur articulates with the?
Acetabulum
The fibula stabilizes the?
Ankle joint
The patella protects the knee ___
Anteriorly
Hip bones unite ____ with each other
Anteriorly (pubic symphysis)
The upper limb is grouped into bones of the?
Arm Forearm Hand
A deep basin like structured formed by coxal bones, sacrum and coccyx
Bony pelvis
What is the proximal articulation of the radius?
Capitulum
Distal radius articulates with
Carpal bones
The distal ends of the forearms articulates with the?
Carpals
What bones are found in the hand?
Carpus Metacarpals Phalanges
Only the ____ articulates with the axial skeleton
Clavicle
What are types of pectoral girdle
Clavicle and scapula
What holds the scapulae and arms laterally
Clavicles
Soles of the feet turn medially
Clubfoot
The pelvic girdle consists of paired?
Coxal bones
The metacarpus is _____ with the proximal phalanges
Distally
Pectoral girdles ____ encircle body completely
Do not
Where is the scapulae located?
Dorsal surface of rib cage between ribs 2-7
In the forearm, the radius and ulna articulate with?
Each other
Scapulae join each other and axial skeleton T/F
False
The ulna has a large role in hand movement. T/F
False
The part of the pelvis bounded by alae of the iliac bones
False (greater) pelvis
What are the two regions of bony pelvis?
False and true pelvis
Lower limbs grow _____ than the trunk
Faster
What is the major difference between the male and female pelvis?
Female pelvis is lighter, wider, and shallower, provides more room in the true pelvis
The longest and strongest bone of the body
Femur
The single bone of the thigh
Femur
The distal end of the ulna is separated from carpals by?
Fibrocartilage
The _____ does not contribute to the knee joint
Fibula
The less massive, lateral, little if any weight transmitted through it bone of the leg
Fibula
What metatarsal supports body weight?
First
The _____ is shallow with good flexibility but poor stability
Glenoid cavity
What allows the forearm to flex/extend arm?
Hinge joint
Head of the femur slips out of the acetabulum
Hip dysplasia
What bone articulates with the radius and ulna distally?
Humerus
What bones articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula proximally?
Humerus
What is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb
Humerus
What is the only bone of the arm?
Humerus
the proximal end of the forearm articulate with the?
Humerus
Large, flaring bones that forms the superior region of the coxal bone
Ilium
Part to the coxal bone that is site of attachment for many muscles
Ilium
What are the 3 separate bones of the local that are present in childhood
Ilium Ischium Pubis
Growth of the appendicular skeleton?
Increases height and changes body proportions
Arches of the foot are maintained by
Interlocking shapes of tarsals, ligaments, and tendons
Connects the tibia and fibula
Interosseous membrane
The radius and ulna are interconnected by the pigment made up of?
Interosseous membrane
The strongest part of the hip bone
Ischial tuberosities
Forms posteroinferiror region of the coxal bone
Ischium
Tibia articulates with femur at proximal end to form the
Knee joint
The radius is _____ to ulna
Lateral
What are the 3 angles of the scapulae?
Lateral Superior Inferior
Joins the scapulae
Lateral end of clavicle
What are the arches of the foot
Longitudinal Medial Lateral Transverse
Carries the entire weight of the erect body
Lower limb
Articulates with the manubrium and first rib
Medial end of clavicle
Few changes occur in the adult skeleton until?
Middle age
The metacarpals is the?
Palm
the triangular sesamoid bone
Patella
Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk
Pectoral girdle
Attachment for muscles and upper limb movement
Pectoral girdle
The clavicles are attachment for what muscles
Pectoralis major Trapezius Sternocleiodomastoid Deltoid
Attaches lower limbs to spine
Pelvic girdle
Attaches the lower limbs to the trunk
Pelvic girdle
Supports visceral organs
Pelvic girdle
The pelvic girdle articulates ____ with the sacrum
Posteriorly
What are the three phalanges called?
Proximal Middle Distal
The true wrist is located?
Proximal region of the hand
The metacarpus is _____ with distal row of carpals
Proximally
The two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline
Pubic symphysis
Forms the anterior region of the coxal bone
Pubis
Part of the coxal bone that lies horizontally in anatomical position
Pubis
The ischium anteriorly joins the?
Pubis
The patella is embedded in the tendon of the?
Quadriceps muscles
What is medially of the radius?
Radial notch of the ulna
What contributes heavily to the wrist joint
Radius
What bones form the forearm?
Radius and ulna
Ilium articulation with the sacrum forms the ?
Sacroiliac joint
The proximal row from lateral to medial of the carpus
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform
The adult skeleton changes when?
Skeleton loses mass Osteoporosis and limb fractures become more common
What are the 3 borders of the scapulae?
Superior Medial (vertebral) Lateral (axillary)
The functions of the foot?
Support body weight Lever to propel body forward when walking Adapts to uneven ground
Body weight is primarily transmitted though ___ and ____
Talus and calcaneus
The tarsus contains 7 bones called?
Tarsals
Makes up the posterior half of the foot
Tarsus
The foot is composed of ?
Tarsus Metatarsus Phalanges
What are the three segments of the lower limb?
Thigh Leg Foot
Except for the what? Each finger has three phalanges
Thumb
The metacarpals are numbered 1-5 beginning with the?
Thumb
The more massive, medial, and receives weight of the body from the femur bone of the leg
Tibia
The leg is composed of the?
Tibia and fibula
The distal row from later to medial of the carpus
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Lower limb bones are thicker and stronger than those of the upper limb. T/F
True
The phalanges of the toes are smaller and less nimble than those of fingers. T/F
True
The part of the bony pelvis that forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs
True (lesser) pelvis
Main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus
Ulna
Differ in function but have similar structural plan
Upper and lower limbs
The carpus is the ?
Wrist
the tibia articulates with talus at distal end to form the
ankle joint