Chapter 8 - Food and Nutrition

What roles do the following nutrients play in the body: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Carbohydrates supply energy for your body's functions. Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves. Proteins can serve as a source of energy, but most importantly, play a major role in the growth and repair of your body's tissues.

Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are three classes of nutrients that supply the body with energy.

____________ is a waxy, fat-like substance that is found only in animal products.

Cholesterol

What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins are able to dissolve in fatty materials, while water-soluble vitamins are able to dissolve in water.

Which vitamins fall into the two categories of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K Water-soluble: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Pantothenic acid, Folate, Biotin, C

____________ is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants.

Fiber

____________ is the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body.

Homeostasis

Define the term metabolism and how it relates to your body gaining nutrients from food.

Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy. Our metabolism converts the nutrients in the food we eat into energy we need for our daily activities.

What are the three types of fats found in food?

Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats.

Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?

Seven minerals that are needed by the body in significant amounts are calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur.

What is indicated by the different bands in the MyPyramid plan? What do the stair steps mean?

The MyPyramid plan groups foods according to types and indicates how much of each type should be eaten daily for a healthy diet. The pyramid is divided into 6 different colored bands, with each band representing one of the five food groups, plus oils. The width of each band indicates the proportion of your diet that should come from that group. The stair steps in the pyramid represent physical activity. This shows how exercise is important for balancing the calories you consume with the calories you use.

What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

The four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and to handle food safely.

(True or false) Your body needs only small amounts of minerals, which are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.

True

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates

(True or false) Nutrients that are made by living things, required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are minerals.

False. Nutrients that are made by living things, required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are vitamins.

What are calories and how many calories should a person intake in their diet?

The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units are called calories. The more calories a food has, the more energy it contains. The number of calories a person should intake is based upon their age, rate of physical activity, gender, and the needs of their body.

Proteins are long chains of smaller "links" that are bound together chemically. These smaller substances are known as ____________.

amino acids

Vitamins called ____________ help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer.

antioxidants

What disease can be caused by lack of calcium? a) Anemia b) Osteoporosis c) Iron deficiency d) High blood pressure

b) Osteoporosis

Which of these foods is a good source of vitamin A? a) Poultry b) Whole-grain foods c) Dark green vegetables d) Organ meats

c) Dark green vegetables