Chapter 8 Human Development

Which age range is NOT correctly labeled with the corresponding Piagetian stage?

11 years to adulthood — postoperational stage

Survey data cited in the textbook suggests that nearly _____ in 10 teens say they have been bullied online. Nearly _____ in 10 have observed others being mean or cruel on a social media site.

1; 9

The nucleus of a human cell contains _____ chromosomes.

23 pairs of

Young children show gender-specific toy preferences when they are as young as:

3 to 8 months.

Dizygotic twins share _____ of their genetic material.

50%

It is possible to determine an embryo's sex _____ weeks after conception through a blood test.

7

The textbook describes a 6-year study of more than 1000 infants and their mothers by Stright and colleagues (2008). What did the authors find with respect to the influence on child development of temperament on the one hand, and parenting style on the other?

Parenting style is especially important in the case of difficult children.

Kohlberg's theory of moral development MOST closely reflects:

Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

The cross-sequential research design may be seen as:

a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

Recall Erikson's stages of socioemotional development that occur during childhood. Which stage is correctly matched with its age range?

autonomy versus doubt — 1 to 3 years

Which physical development during adolescence is accurately labeled?

enlarged Adam's apple — secondary sexual characteristic

From 2 months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n):

fetus

The sex glands of the fetus are also called:

gonads

Which parenting style is correctly matched with its label?

high warmth, low control — permissive

Children demonstrate an understanding of gender role by the age of:

identity

Dawn is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects one group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every 6 months over a 2-year period. In this example, Dawn is using a _____ research design.

longitudinal

Which of the following ages is correctly matched to the corresponding Piagetian stage?

newborn — sensorimotor

As identical twins get older, their observable characteristics become increasingly dissimilar, whereas their genetic makeup remains the same. In other words, their _____ changes, whereas their _____ does not.

phenotype; genotype

During the Vietnam War, Michael moved from the United States to Canada to avoid the draft. He didn't want to go to war because he was afraid he might be killed or seriously injured. Michael's reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg's _____ moral reasoning.

preconventional

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow was interested in which of the mothers the infant monkeys would seek out when they were startled or frightened. In these studies the dependent variable was the:

surrogate that the infant monkey preferred when it was startled.