Chapter 8

Which of the following individuals has completed extensive research on the topic of identity status and contributed a great deal of knowledge in this area?

James Marcia

__________ is the term for a girl's first menstruation

Menarche

Hall characterized the period of adolescence as a time of:

Storm and stress

Which of the following substances has the most damaging effect on an adolescent's developing brain?

alcohol

When adolescents interpret the emotions of others, their __________ is most active.

amygdala

Among adolescents, the most common mental disorder is

anxiety

__________ refers to a group of friends who share similar interests and activities.

clique

Which of the following was suggested in the text as a possible reason for the decline in sexual activity among younger teenagers?

concern about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections

In identity _________, no crisis has been experienced and no commitments have been made.

confusion

_________ thinking is used when a problem to be solved has one correct answer.

convergent

_________ thinking is used when a problem to be solved has many answers

divergent

_________ refers to criminal behavior that begins before puberty

early onset trajectory

Historically, the public has considered masturbation:

embarrassing and inappropriate

__________ refer(s) to cognitive efforts involving attention and critical thinking.

executive functioning

__________ refers to sexual attraction to members of the opposite sex

heterosexual

__________ refers to sexual attraction to members of the same sex.

homosexual

_________ is criminal behavior that begins after puberty.

late onset trajectory

In identity __________, a number of crises have been experienced but no commitment has been made

moratorium

Approximately how many of the teenage pregnancies that occur in the United States each year end in abortion?

one-third

As reported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the incidence of mental health problems among adolescents is about:

1 in 10 youths

During the early nineteenth century, the average age for the onset of menarche was 17, whereas today the average age is

12.5

It is estimated that __________ of occupational fatalities occur because adolescents are engaged in work that is prohibited by child labor laws.

40 percent

Currently, about __________ of college sophomores report being sexually active

75 percent

__________ is a reputation-based group whose members may or may not spend time with one another.

A crowd

__________ is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and a distorted body image

Anorexia nervosa

__________ is an eating disorder featuring binge eating and purging.

Bulimia nerovsa

Which of the following is not found in a female's reproductive system?

Cowper's glands

The male reproductive system includes all of the following except:

Hymen

__________ is the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction.

Puberty

If adolescents who are sexually abused tell someone about the abuse, they typically talk to:

a friend

In identity __________, numerous crises have been experienced and resolved with relatively permanent commitments made.

achievement

__________ is self-centered thinking patterns of childhood that sometimes occur in the teen years.

adolescent egocentrism

In which of the following families is divorce most likely to occur?

families with a newborn

In identity __________, no crisis has been experienced, but commitments have been made, usually forced on the person by the parent.

foreclosure

__________ is Piaget's forth stage of cognitive development, featuring abstract thought and scientific thinking.

formal operations

The fifth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development addressed the conflict of:

identity vs. identity confusion

What is known about gender differences in adolescent suicides?

males are 5 times more likely to commit suicide than females

A good strategy for preventing teenage pregnancies is to:

provide information about sex contraception

In Western countries, the average age for menarche has declined about three months per decade over the past 100 years. This relates to the phenomenon known as the:

secular trend

When compared to parenting in the 1950's, a recent study found that today mothers:

spend more time working but as much or more time interacting with their children

_________ are neurons that play a large role in emotions.

spindle cells

__________ ranks as the third leading cause of death among adolescents

suicide

__________ is adolescents' perception that others are constantly scrutinizing their behavior and appearance.

the imaginary audience

__________ refers to the tendency of adolescents to think of themselves in heroic or mythical terms.

the personal fable

ADHD ranks as the __________ most common diagnosis among adolescents

third

Early puberty in girls is linked to:

unwanted sexual attention