Chapter 8
Which of the following individuals has completed extensive research on the topic of identity status and contributed a great deal of knowledge in this area?
James Marcia
__________ is the term for a girl's first menstruation
Menarche
Hall characterized the period of adolescence as a time of:
Storm and stress
Which of the following substances has the most damaging effect on an adolescent's developing brain?
alcohol
When adolescents interpret the emotions of others, their __________ is most active.
amygdala
Among adolescents, the most common mental disorder is
anxiety
__________ refers to a group of friends who share similar interests and activities.
clique
Which of the following was suggested in the text as a possible reason for the decline in sexual activity among younger teenagers?
concern about AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
In identity _________, no crisis has been experienced and no commitments have been made.
confusion
_________ thinking is used when a problem to be solved has one correct answer.
convergent
_________ thinking is used when a problem to be solved has many answers
divergent
_________ refers to criminal behavior that begins before puberty
early onset trajectory
Historically, the public has considered masturbation:
embarrassing and inappropriate
__________ refer(s) to cognitive efforts involving attention and critical thinking.
executive functioning
__________ refers to sexual attraction to members of the opposite sex
heterosexual
__________ refers to sexual attraction to members of the same sex.
homosexual
_________ is criminal behavior that begins after puberty.
late onset trajectory
In identity __________, a number of crises have been experienced but no commitment has been made
moratorium
Approximately how many of the teenage pregnancies that occur in the United States each year end in abortion?
one-third
As reported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the incidence of mental health problems among adolescents is about:
1 in 10 youths
During the early nineteenth century, the average age for the onset of menarche was 17, whereas today the average age is
12.5
It is estimated that __________ of occupational fatalities occur because adolescents are engaged in work that is prohibited by child labor laws.
40 percent
Currently, about __________ of college sophomores report being sexually active
75 percent
__________ is a reputation-based group whose members may or may not spend time with one another.
A crowd
__________ is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and a distorted body image
Anorexia nervosa
__________ is an eating disorder featuring binge eating and purging.
Bulimia nerovsa
Which of the following is not found in a female's reproductive system?
Cowper's glands
The male reproductive system includes all of the following except:
Hymen
__________ is the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction.
Puberty
If adolescents who are sexually abused tell someone about the abuse, they typically talk to:
a friend
In identity __________, numerous crises have been experienced and resolved with relatively permanent commitments made.
achievement
__________ is self-centered thinking patterns of childhood that sometimes occur in the teen years.
adolescent egocentrism
In which of the following families is divorce most likely to occur?
families with a newborn
In identity __________, no crisis has been experienced, but commitments have been made, usually forced on the person by the parent.
foreclosure
__________ is Piaget's forth stage of cognitive development, featuring abstract thought and scientific thinking.
formal operations
The fifth stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development addressed the conflict of:
identity vs. identity confusion
What is known about gender differences in adolescent suicides?
males are 5 times more likely to commit suicide than females
A good strategy for preventing teenage pregnancies is to:
provide information about sex contraception
In Western countries, the average age for menarche has declined about three months per decade over the past 100 years. This relates to the phenomenon known as the:
secular trend
When compared to parenting in the 1950's, a recent study found that today mothers:
spend more time working but as much or more time interacting with their children
_________ are neurons that play a large role in emotions.
spindle cells
__________ ranks as the third leading cause of death among adolescents
suicide
__________ is adolescents' perception that others are constantly scrutinizing their behavior and appearance.
the imaginary audience
__________ refers to the tendency of adolescents to think of themselves in heroic or mythical terms.
the personal fable
ADHD ranks as the __________ most common diagnosis among adolescents
third
Early puberty in girls is linked to:
unwanted sexual attention
