Chapter 8: Minerals

beans

which of the following is a good source of magnesium

iron

Ben is a 56-year-old man who takes acid-reducing medications to treat a stomach ulcer. At his yearly check-up, he reports unusual fatigue, cold hands and feet, and difficulty concentrating on tasks at work. He most likely has a deficiency of

phosphorus

Milk, cheese, meat, and bread are all rich sources of

anemia

Rebecca, a 32-year-old woman, has no clinical symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia and her blood hemoglobin is within the normal range. However, she has depleted iron stores. She may be suffering from iron deficiency without

1000

The ACSM recommends optimal calcium intake of ________ mg or more daily is important in conjunction with exercise for stimulating bone development

copper

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder of __________ metabolism

Short-term sports

_______ anemia is a condition that appears to develop in some athletes in early phases of training, or when the training load increases drastically.

prevention

_____________ is the key recommendation for younger individuals in regards to osteoporosis

iron

______________ is a mineral which is an important component of hemoglobin

decreased thyroid function

a person with iodine deficiency may experience

hypertension (cardiovascular disease and diabetes)

adequate dietary intake of magneisum is associated with decreased risk of

zinc and iron

calcium supplements may decrease _________ absorption

Excellent plant sources include nuts, legumes, dried fruits, and fresh vegetables, while milk and dairy products, grape juice, and wine also contain good amounts. One ounce of almonds contains about 0.75 milligram of boron. Five servings of fruits and vegetables, along with legumes and some nuts, could easily provide 3 milligrams

excellent plant sources of boron include

whole grains nuts leafy vegetables

good food sources of manganese include

mushrooms shellfish grain products

good food sources of vavadium include

supplementation and fortification

in general, it is recommended that calcium _______ may be recommended to attain the RDA in individuals who do not obtain a sufficient amount through their normal diet.

Demineralization by acid-producing bacteria

incorporation of fluoride into the tooth structure during tooth development limits

athletes restricting iron intake female distance runners vegetarian athletes

iron supplementation may need to be strongly considered for those typically at higher risk of having low serum ferritin levels, like

mineral supplementation can be harmful in excess adequate nutrition is best consumed through the diet

mineral supplementation is generally unnecessary in athletes because

bone health immune function muscle contraction

minerals are involved in the following metabolic processes

oysters, milk, steak

select rich food sources of zinc

seafood

select the best food source of copper

white bread

select the food source that likely has the least amount of selenium per serving

toothpaste and fluoridated water

select the sources of fluoride

impotence, reduced sense of taste and smell, impaired wound healing

symptoms of an adult zinc deficiency include

700

the RDA for phosphorus for adults over age 18 is _______ milligrams daily

amenorrhea, osteoporosis, disordered eating

the female athlete triad involves

The seven macrominerals (major minerals) are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfur

the following minerals are classified as macrominerals:

iron

the micronutrient most likely to be deficient in the diets of people worldwide is

all

the national academy of sciences has noted that ________ trace mineral(s) are toxic if consumed at high doses for a long enough time

oxolates

the presence of _____________ in food can limit the bioavailability of calcium from that food.

1000

the recommended dietary allowance of calcium for adults between the ages of 19 to 50 is ______________ mg

D

vitamin ______ is often supplemented with calcium in attempts to protect and/or improve bone mineral density

more of the mineral from the food in the intestine and excretes less via routes such as the urine

when an inadequate amounts of a mineral are consumed, the body absorbs

bone

where is most of the magnesium in the body stored

blood clotting bone building muscle function

which of the following are functions of calcium?

women with anorexia nervosa individuals with lactose intolerance vegans

which of the following groups are likely to be at higher risk of calcium inadequacy?

young children

which of the following population groups is most susceptible to iron toxicity from dietary supplements

animal sources

zinc is most bioavailable from