Chapter 8: multiple choice

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Which of the earthquake body waves cannot be transmitted through fluids? a p waves b s waves

b S waves

The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called a tremors b aftershocks c foreshocks d surface waves e body waves

b aftershocks

Underground storage tanks rising to the surface as the result of an earthquake is evidence of a tsunamis b liquefaction c subsidence d fracturing e fault creep

b liquefaction

Earthquake epicenters are most closely correlated with a continental interiors b plate boundaries c population centers d continental shelves e high latitudes

b plate boundaries

The difference in [] of P and S waves provides a method for determining the epicenter of an earthquake. a magnitudes b velocities c sizes d modes of travel e foci

b velocities

An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 releases [] times more energy than one with a magnitude of 5.5. a 10 b 20 c 30 d 40 e 50

c 30

The location on the surface directly above the earthquake focus is called the a ephemeral b epicycle c epicenter d epinode e epitaph

c epicenter

Dense rocks like [] are thought to make up the mantle and provide the lava for oceanic eruptions. a limestone b granite c peridotite d sandstone e rhyolite

c peridotite

The study of earthquakes is called a seismogram b seismicity c seismology d seismography e seismogony

c seismology

The greatest concentration of metals occurs in Earth's a crust b asthenosphere c mantle d core e lithosphere

d core

The belt from about 105 to 140 degrees away from an earthquake where no P waves are recorded is known as the a shadow zone b absent zone c moho zone d reflective zone e low-velosity zone

a shadow zone

The epicenter of an earthquake is located using the distances from a minimum of [] seismic station a 3 b 4 c 5 d 6 e 7

a three

A refined Richter scale is used to describe earthquake magnitude.

T

Earth's interior core is solid metallic sphere

T

Earthquake body waves are divided into two types called primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves.

T

Earthquake waves that travel through Earth's interior are called body waves.

T

Most earthquakes occur along faults associated with plate boundaries.

T

Most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of earthquakes.

T

No reliable method of short-range earthquake prediction has yet been devised.

T

The continental crust is mostly made of granitic rocks.

T

The epicenter of an earthquake is the location on the surface directly above the focus.

T

The farther an earthquake recording station is from an earthquake, the greater the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves.

T

The mantle is solid because both P and S waves travel through it.

T

To locate an epicenter, the distance from three or more different seismic stations must be known.

T

Vibrations known as earthquakes occur as rock slips and elastically returns to its original shape.

T

Earthquakes with a Richter magnitude less than eight are usually not felt by humans.

F

Most tsunamis results from horizontal displacement of the ocean floor during an earthquake.

F

The boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle is known as the shadow discontinuity.

F

The study of earthquakes is called seismography.

F

fluids ( gasses and liquids) cannot transmit p waves.

F can

The lithosphere is situated below the asthenosphere.

F; above

The adjustments that follow a major earthquake often generates smaller earthquakes called foreshock.

F; aftershocks

P waves arrive at a recording station after S waves.

F; before

Earthquakes in the central and eastern United States occur more frequently than along plate-boundary areas.

F; less

The amount of damage caused by an earthquake at a specific location is used to determine the intensity of an earthquake in the a modified Mercalli scale b richter scale c mohs scale d seismic scale e gutenberg scale

a Modified Mercalli scale

Which earthquake body wave has the greatest velocity? a p wave b s wave

a P wave

In areas where unconsolidated materials are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid during a phenomenon called a libation b lithification c leaching d liquefaction e localization

d liquefaction

Which one of the following regions has the greatest amount of seismic activity? a central europe b southern russia c the central atlantic basin d the circum-pacific belt e the eastern USA

d the circum-Pacific belt

it is estimated that over _____ earthquakes that are strong enough to be felt occur worldwide annually a 500 b 1000 c 10000 d 20000 e 30000

e 30000

The source of an earthquake is called the a fulcrum b ephemeral c epicenter d foreshock e focus

e focus

The cool, rigid layer of Earth that includes the entire crust as well as the upper most mantle is called the a asthenosphere b lower crust c oceanic crust d moho e lithosphere

e lithosphere

Long-range earthquake forecasts are based on the premise that earthquakes are a random b destructive c fully understood d always occurring e repetitive

e repetitive


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