Chapter 8: multiple choice
Which of the earthquake body waves cannot be transmitted through fluids? a p waves b s waves
b S waves
The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called a tremors b aftershocks c foreshocks d surface waves e body waves
b aftershocks
Underground storage tanks rising to the surface as the result of an earthquake is evidence of a tsunamis b liquefaction c subsidence d fracturing e fault creep
b liquefaction
Earthquake epicenters are most closely correlated with a continental interiors b plate boundaries c population centers d continental shelves e high latitudes
b plate boundaries
The difference in [] of P and S waves provides a method for determining the epicenter of an earthquake. a magnitudes b velocities c sizes d modes of travel e foci
b velocities
An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 releases [] times more energy than one with a magnitude of 5.5. a 10 b 20 c 30 d 40 e 50
c 30
The location on the surface directly above the earthquake focus is called the a ephemeral b epicycle c epicenter d epinode e epitaph
c epicenter
Dense rocks like [] are thought to make up the mantle and provide the lava for oceanic eruptions. a limestone b granite c peridotite d sandstone e rhyolite
c peridotite
The study of earthquakes is called a seismogram b seismicity c seismology d seismography e seismogony
c seismology
The greatest concentration of metals occurs in Earth's a crust b asthenosphere c mantle d core e lithosphere
d core
The belt from about 105 to 140 degrees away from an earthquake where no P waves are recorded is known as the a shadow zone b absent zone c moho zone d reflective zone e low-velosity zone
a shadow zone
The epicenter of an earthquake is located using the distances from a minimum of [] seismic station a 3 b 4 c 5 d 6 e 7
a three
A refined Richter scale is used to describe earthquake magnitude.
T
Earth's interior core is solid metallic sphere
T
Earthquake body waves are divided into two types called primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves.
T
Earthquake waves that travel through Earth's interior are called body waves.
T
Most earthquakes occur along faults associated with plate boundaries.
T
Most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of earthquakes.
T
No reliable method of short-range earthquake prediction has yet been devised.
T
The continental crust is mostly made of granitic rocks.
T
The epicenter of an earthquake is the location on the surface directly above the focus.
T
The farther an earthquake recording station is from an earthquake, the greater the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves.
T
The mantle is solid because both P and S waves travel through it.
T
To locate an epicenter, the distance from three or more different seismic stations must be known.
T
Vibrations known as earthquakes occur as rock slips and elastically returns to its original shape.
T
Earthquakes with a Richter magnitude less than eight are usually not felt by humans.
F
Most tsunamis results from horizontal displacement of the ocean floor during an earthquake.
F
The boundary that separates the crust from the underlying mantle is known as the shadow discontinuity.
F
The study of earthquakes is called seismography.
F
fluids ( gasses and liquids) cannot transmit p waves.
F can
The lithosphere is situated below the asthenosphere.
F; above
The adjustments that follow a major earthquake often generates smaller earthquakes called foreshock.
F; aftershocks
P waves arrive at a recording station after S waves.
F; before
Earthquakes in the central and eastern United States occur more frequently than along plate-boundary areas.
F; less
The amount of damage caused by an earthquake at a specific location is used to determine the intensity of an earthquake in the a modified Mercalli scale b richter scale c mohs scale d seismic scale e gutenberg scale
a Modified Mercalli scale
Which earthquake body wave has the greatest velocity? a p wave b s wave
a P wave
In areas where unconsolidated materials are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid during a phenomenon called a libation b lithification c leaching d liquefaction e localization
d liquefaction
Which one of the following regions has the greatest amount of seismic activity? a central europe b southern russia c the central atlantic basin d the circum-pacific belt e the eastern USA
d the circum-Pacific belt
it is estimated that over _____ earthquakes that are strong enough to be felt occur worldwide annually a 500 b 1000 c 10000 d 20000 e 30000
e 30000
The source of an earthquake is called the a fulcrum b ephemeral c epicenter d foreshock e focus
e focus
The cool, rigid layer of Earth that includes the entire crust as well as the upper most mantle is called the a asthenosphere b lower crust c oceanic crust d moho e lithosphere
e lithosphere
Long-range earthquake forecasts are based on the premise that earthquakes are a random b destructive c fully understood d always occurring e repetitive
e repetitive
