Chapter 8 Nutrition Book Questions

Pair the term with its best definition. Term: -zoochemical's -phytochemical's Definition: -health-promoting compounds found in plant foods -health-promoting compounds found in animal foods

-Zoochemical's---> health-promoting compounds found in animal foods -Phytochemical's---> health-promoting compounds found in plant foods

Which of the following are examples of micronutrients? -calcium -fiber -sodium -iron

-calcium -sodium -iron

Vitamins can be destroyed by -exposure to oxygen -heating -exposure to light -refrigeration

-exposure to oxygen -heating -exposure to light

A person who relies on vitamin and mineral supplements rather than a balanced diet to obtain adequate nutrition is likely to miss out on -nutrient toxicities -phytochemical's -fiber

-phytochemical's -fiber

Minerals function as _________ by aiding a protein such as an enzyme, to do its job.

cofactor

Some minerals, such as copper and selenium, work as ________, enabling various proteins, such as enzymes, to function.

cofactor

Absence of a vitamin from the diet for a defined period of time leads to a(n) _________ disease. -deficiency -toxicity

deficiency

Bioavailability refers to the degree to which a nutrient can be -lost in cooking water -excreted -incorporated into cells -digested and absorbed

digested and absorbed

What is the best way to get phytochemical's in the diet? -increase protein intake -eat a variety of whole plant foods -eat over 3000 calories each day -limit food intake to only fruits and vegetables

eat a variety of whole plant foods

Vitamins are considered to be _______ nutrients. -dispensable -nonessential -essential

essential

Vitamins A,D,E, and K are considered to be _______ vitamins. -water-soluble -fat-soluble

fat-soluble

The body is able to store which group of vitamins? -fat-soluble vitamins -water-soluble vitamins

fat-soluble vitamins

Most water-soluble vitamins are not stored to any great extent because they are -filtered and excreted by the kidneys -nonessential nutrients -consumed daily by everyone -quickly digested and used by the body cells

filtered and excreted by the kidneys

Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus work together to maintain -bone mineralization -immune function -fluid balance in the body -energy levels in the cell

fluid balance in the body

Which vitamin is more potent in the synthetic form than the natural form? -folate -vitamin E -niacin -thiamin

folate

For optimal health, get your phytochemical's from -foods -dietary supplements

foods

When we are more active, our need for the B vitamins -decreases -remains the same -increases

increases

The organ responsible for excreting excess amounts of the water-soluble vitamins is the -gallbladder -skin -kidney -liver

kidney

The natural form of folate is _______ the synthetic form of folate. -less potent than -as potent as -more potent than

less potent than

_______ is a unique vitamin because it can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. -riboflavin -thiamin -vitamin D -niacin

niacin

Stimulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, reducing oxidative damage to cells, and activating insulin receptors are some of the functions of _______. -insulin -phytochemical's -water-soluble vitamins -essential fatty acids

phytochemical's

Name a mineral that helps to protect the body's cells from oxidative damage.

selenium

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient? -vitamin C -fat -carbohydrate

vitamin C

For most vitamins, the natural and synthetic forms have equal activity in the body. However, ________ is an example of a vitamin that is more potent in its natural form. -vitamin E -vitamin B-12 -folate -vitamin C

vitamin E

Typically, it takes a long time for a deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin to develop because the body stores fat-soluble vitamins in the liver and adipose tissue. However, body stores of ________ are lower than the other fat-soluble vitamins. -vitamin K -vitamin A -vitamin E -vitamin D

vitamin K

Although requirements for ____________ are small, depriving the body of any one of these important dietary components can be debilitating or even deadly.

vitamins and minerals

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _______ vitamins -fat-soluble -water-soluble

water-soluble

Vitamin D can be synthesized -by the skin -by the liver and kidneys -from the amino acid tryptophan -by bacteria in the large intestine

by the skin

Which of the following are examples of micronutrients? -water -amino acids -vitamins -minerals

-vitamins -minerals

Certain population groups may benefit from a vitamin or mineral supplement. Mat each population group with an appropriate supplement. Population Group: -women of childbearing age -newborn babies -adults with lactose intolerance -women with heavy menstrual periods Supplement: -calcium and vitamin D -folic acid -iron -vitamin K

-women of childbearing age---> Folic acid -newborn babies ---> vitamin K -adults with lactose intolerance---> calcium and vitamin D -women with heavy menstrual periods---> iron

When considering a multivitamin and mineral supplement, which of the following should you select? -a supplement with more than the Upper Level for any nutrients -a supplement with less than the Upper Level for any nutrients

a supplement with less than the Upper Level for any nutrients

Consuming large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins is a problem because they -are excreted by the kidneys -are stored by the body -alter the acid-base balance of the blood -add to body weight

are stored by the body

Which of the following are defining characteristics of vitamins? -prolonged absence of the compound from the diet produces deficiency symptoms -the body is unable to synthesize enough of the substance to maintain health -the compound is present in the diet in small amounts -they yield approximately 4 kcal per gram

-prolonged absence of the compound from the diet produces deficiency symptoms -the body is unable to synthesize enough of the substance to maintain health

The FDA now requires supplement makers to test for which of the following? -purity -effectiveness -composition -strength

-purity -composition -strength

Which of the following micronutrients participate in fluid and electrolyte balance? -sodium -magnesium -chloride -potassium

-sodium -chloride -potassium

A deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins may result from -use of mineral oil as a laxative -cystic fibrosis -excessive intake of water-soluble vitamins -use of weight-loss medications that interfere with fat absorption

-use of mineral oil as a laxative -cystic fibrosis -use of weight-loss medications that interfere with fat absorption

Our bodies are able to synthesize which of the following vitamins? -vitamin C -vitamin A -niacin -vitamin E -vitamin D

-vitamin A -niacin -vitamin D

Along with protein and essential fatty acids, which of the following micronutrients are implicated in optimal immune function? -vitamin A -vitamin C -choline -zinc

-vitamin A -vitamin C -zinc

Fortified breakfast cereals are usually a good source of -vitamin E -vitamin B-12 -essential fatty acids -folic acid

-vitamin E -vitamin B-12 -folic acid

Which of the following micronutrients participate in the body's antioxidant defenses? -vitamin E -sodium -vitamin C -selenium

-vitamin E -vitamin C -selenium

Which of these micronutrients are important for blood clotting? -vitamin K -potassium -riboflavin -calcium

-vitamin K -calcium

Forming and maintaining ________ are calcium's major roles in the body. -white blood cells -antioxidants -bones -muscles

bones

The major limitation of consuming large amounts of fortified foods includes the -limited availability of the foods -undesirable flavor of the fortified foods -cost -ability to reach the UL of some nutrients

ability to reach the UL of some nutrients

The B vitamins play a role in metabolism by -serving as a source of energy -assisting in glucose uptake by cells -acting as coenzymes -stimulating hormone secretions

acting as coenzymes

The B vitamins play a role in metabolism by -stimulating hormone secretions -acting as coenzymes -assisting in glucose uptake by cells -serving as a source of energy

acting as coenzymes

The vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables -is consistent -can be lost through improper handling -is preserved by heating -continues to increase after harvest

can be lost through improper handling

Which method of preservation best protects the vitamin content of a food? -drying -canning -freezing

freezing

If the supply of a specific vitamin is inadequate, a deficiency disease related to that vitamin's function will develop -immediately after the inadequate intake begins -gradually over a period of time -over the same period of time for each vitamin

gradually over a period of time

Vitamin A and vitamin C work together to maintain -blood health -bone metabolism -immune function -fluid balance

immune function

What is the danger associated with consuming large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins? -since they are stored, they can lead to fatty liver -as they are not stored by the body, there is no danger associated with consuming large amounts -there would not be any danger as long as you are under a physician's care -since they are stored, they can reach toxic levels

since they are stored, they can reach toxic levels

True or False: Frozen vegetables and fruits are often as nutrient rich as freshly harvested produce.

true

A(n) _______ is an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body.

vitamin

A toxicity of ______ can result from intakes of as little as 2 times human needs. -vitamin A -selenium -vitamin E -vitamin B-12

vitamin A