Chapter 8 Project Management

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization

benchmarcking

______ means the projects processes and products meet written specifications

conformance to requirements

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

control chart

_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

crosby

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements

defect

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

design of experiments

Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

eliminate the annual rating or merit system

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

executing

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer

external failure cost

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users

features

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended

fitness for use

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function

functionality

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an

iso 9000

_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product

maintainability

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

metric

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

monitoring and controlling

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed

normal distribution

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system

pareto charts

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

performance

process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the ____ process of project quality

planning quality management

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements

process adjustments

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto

quality control

_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions

reliability

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

rework

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems

six 9s of quality rule

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection

statistical sampling

in TQC product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs

true

products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables

true

project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects

true

t/f the quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the projects life cycle

true

the six sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance

true

using six sigma principles is an org wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles

true

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

unit test

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system

user acceptance testing

_______ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes

CMMI

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.

DMAIC

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data

Define

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that

an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram

analyze

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.

appraisal cost