Chapter 8 Quiz Questions
Which are the two main forms of photosynthesis? A. anoxygenic B. Photosystem I C. Calvin cycle D. oxygenic E. Photosystem II
A and D
Which of the following are the three stages of photosynthesis in plants? Select all that apply. A. Making ATP and NADPH B. Capturing energy from the sunlight C. Splitting of H2O D. Making ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate E. Using ATP and NADPH to produce organic compounds from CO2
A, B, E
Which of the following wavelengths of light are preferentially absorbed by chlorophyll molecules? Select all that apply: A. Red B. Green C. Violet-blue D. Yellow
A, C
In the equation that summarizes photosynthesis, if 6 carbon dioxide + 12 water + light are the reactants, what are the products? Select all that apply: A. Glucose B. Hydrogen peroxide C. 6 water D. 6 oxygen E. ATP
A, C, D (Glucose, 6 water, 6 oxygen)
A graph depicting the efficiency of photon absorption by a pigment molecule as a function of photon wavelength is known as the A. absorption spectrum of the pigment B. photosynthetic spectrum of the pigment C. action spectrum of the pigment D. photoelectric spectrum of the pigment
A.
A leaf that appears to be green to the human eye contains pigment molecules that are A. reflecting green light B. red, the complementary color of green C. absorbing green light
A.
Almost all photosynthetic organisms capture light using A. photosystems. B. lipid-pigment complexes. D. individual chlorophyll molecules located in the membrane.
A.
How are photosystem II and photosystem I in the chloroplast connected? A. By a cytochrome/b6-f complex. B. By a chlorophyll b molecule. C. By a quinone molecule. D. By NADPH.
A.
In chloroplasts, several dozen of these kinds of molecules help comprise a light harvesting complex: A. pigments B. electron transport chains C. ATP synthases D. NADP+ reductases E. manganese clusters
A.
The ATP synthase enzymes of chloroplasts are located in the A. thylakoid membrane. B. energy-producing membrane. C. outer membrane. D. stroma.
A.
The role of the light-harvesting complex is to A. directly absorb photons of light B. synthesize carbohydrates for the plant C. generate ATP D. generate reducing power
A.
Which of the following is an accurate description of carotenoids? A. They are made of carbon rings connected to carbon chains with alternating single and double bonds. B. They are made a long carbon chain with multiple double bonds at one end and several hydroxyl groups at the other end. C. They are made of a porphyrin ring connected to a long hydrophobic chain.
A.
Why is the Calvin cycle also known as C3 photosynthesis? A. Because the first molecule in the cycle has 3 carbon atoms. B. Because three CO2 molecules are needed to run the cycle once. C. Because three molecules of 3GP are made in one run of the cycle. D. Because the net products of the Calvin cycle are three molecules of glucose.
A.
What is ultimately the main source of energy for almost all living cells on Earth? A. The Sun B. The heat emitted by the Earth after it is warmed up by the Sun C. Any kind of cosmic electromagnetic radiation that may enter D. Earth's atmosphere D. The Earth's core
A. The sun
Which of the following (choose all that apply) are necessary for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle? Light conditions ATP Dark conditions NADPH
ATP, NADPH
Photophosphorylation produces __________, which stores chemical energy that can be used for the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation also requires reducing power, which is provided by ___________ produced by photosystem I.
ATP; NADH
When you take into account the net equation of the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize two G3P molecules? 2 18 12 6
18; In order to produce 2 G3P molecules in the Calvin cycle, 12 molecules of NADPH are needed, as well as 18 molecules of ATP.
How many molecules of G3P are needed to make one molecule of glucose? 1 6 2 3
2
How many types of photosystems are found in chloroplasts? _____
2
Which of the following are parts of a chlorophyll molecule? Select all that apply: A. An anchoring protein B. A manganese atom C. A porphyrin ring D. A hydrocarbon tail
C, D
A photon of light has properties of both A. an elastic spring and a wave. B. a particle and an elastic spring. C. a particle and a wave.
C.
How are the equation for photosynthesis in plants and the equation for cellular respiration related? A. They are almost identical to each other - the only difference is in the number of water molecules. B. They are completely unrelated. C. They are the reverse of each other.
C.
How is the reaction center positioned in the membrane? A. It is on the inner surface of the membrane. B. It is on the outer surface of the membrane. C. It is a transmembrane complex.
C.
Once a photon is captured by the light harvesting complex, the pigments in it transfer A. pairs of excited electrons. B. individual excited electrons. C. the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves. D. photons with the same wavelength as the one that was initially captured by the photosystem.
C.
The ATP needed in the Calvin cycle comes from A. noncyclic photophosphorylation only B. cyclic photophosphorylation only C. both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation
C.
The ATP synthases of chloroplasts and mitochondria are A. evolutionary unrelated B. evolutionary related only in certain plants and algae C. evolutionary related
C.
The first stage of photosynthesis is A. splitting of H2O B. making ATP and NADPH C. capturing energy from the sunlight D. making ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
C.
The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide is called A. carbon dioxide fixation B. decarboxylation C. carbon fixation D. carboxylation
C.
The third and final stage of photosynthesis is also known as which of the following? A. The light-dependent reactions B. The carbon reactions C. The light-independent reactions D. The cyclic reactions
C.
What is the net gain of the Calvin cycle? A. One molecule of glucose B. One molecule of sucrose C. Two molecules of G3P D. Twelve molecules of PGA
C.
When added to light in photosynthesis, how many molecules of carbon dioxide and water are needed to make one molecule of glucose? A. 1 CO2; 1 H2O B. 12 CO2; 6 H2O C. 6 CO2; 12 H2O D. 6 CO2; 6 H2O
C.
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast? A. In the stroma B. In the thylakoid lumen. C. In the thylakoid membrane. D. In the outer chloroplast membrane
C.
Which are the two most important kinds of pigments in chloroplasts? A. Chlorophylls and porphyrin B. Chlorophylls and phytols C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids
C.
Which of the following pairs is matched incorrectly? A. Chlorophyll a:only pigment that can act directly to convert light energy into chemical energy B. Carotenoids:accessory pigments C. Chlorophyll b:main photosynthetic pigment in plants.
C.
Which of the following statements best describes the properties of light? A. Light has properties of both a wave and an elastic spring. B. Light has properties of both a particle and an elastic spring. C. Light has properties of both a particle and a wave. D. Light behaves as a very small particle.
C.
What happens during the chemiosmosis stage of the thylakoid reactions? A. Protons are pumped against their concentrations gradient. B. The light energy is converted into chemical energy. C. ATP is synthesized. D. Electrons are pumped across the membrane.
C. ATP is synthesized
______________ are accessory photosynthetic pigments that consist of carbon rings linked to chains with alternating single and double bonds.
Cartenoids
Carbon fixation involves using the protons and electrons generated by the splitting of what molecule to convert CO2 into organic matter? O2 CO2 H2O2 H2O
H2O
Plants using the energy from the sun make ATP and NADPH during which stage of photosynthesis? Fourth First Second Third
Second
The cyclic reactions in carbon fixation do not require which of the following? ATP NADPH Light
Light
______ molecules of G3P made during the Calvin cycle can be used to make one molecule of ____________.
Two; glucose
Chlorophyll ____ is the main photosynthetic pigment in plants as it converts light energy into chemical energy; chlorophyll ____ acts as an accessory pigment.
a, b
During the electron transport stage of the thylakoid reactions electrons are shuttled along a series of electron carrier molecules, eventually reaching the final acceptor. This final acceptor is oxygen NADP+ NAD+ water
NADP+
Which of the following is made during the light-dependent stages of photosynthesis? Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide NADPH Water
NADPH
In a photosystem, the ___________ complex captures light energy and passes it to the ___________ center where electrons are transferred out of the photosystem.
antenna; reaction
A photosystem consists of two components, a(n) ___________ complex and a(n) _____________ center.
antenna; reactions
Which of the following represent the phases of the Calvin cycle? A. (1) carbon fixation; (2) ATP investment; (3) glucose polymerization; (4) starch storage B. (1) light reactions; (2) dark reactions C. (1) carbon fixation; (2) reduction; (3) carbohydrate production D. (1) carbon fixation; (2) reduction and carbohydrate production; (3) regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate
D.
True or false: Glucose is the primary output of the Calvin cycle.
False. Glucose is not directly made by the Calvin cycle. he primary output of the Calvin Cycle is G3P. Two molecules of G3P can then be used to make glucose.
True or false: The mechanism of ATP synthesis in the ATP synthase of chloroplasts is fundamentally different from the one used in the ATP synthase of mitochondria.
False. The two enzymes use virtually the same mechanism.
Which of the following is the primary output of the Calvin cycle? Ribulose biphosphate G3P Glucose Starch
G3P
van Niel introduced the term ___________ ____________ to denote the process of converting CO2 into organic matter using the electrons and protons resulting from the splitting of water.
carbon fixaton
The two most important classes of pigments in chloroplasts are chlorophylls and ____________.
carotenoids
During the fourth stage of the thylakoid reactions, known as _____________, protons flow across the membrane down their gradient and in the process ATP is synthesized.
chemiosmosis
Green plants utilize _____________ a and b to absorb light energy in photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
In chloroplasts, the light-harvesting complex is composed of a web of ____________ molecules linked together and held tightly in the thylakoid membrane by a matrix of proteins.
chlorophyll
In photosynthesis, _____________ molecules preferentially absorb violet-blue and red light.
chlorophyll
The first two stages of photosynthesis require light and are commonly known as the light-____________ reactions.
dependent
The light-____________ reactions of photosynthesis occur on membranes.
dependent
Protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the ___________ ____________ stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions.
electron transport
In the reaction center which of the following excited subatomic particles are transferred to an acceptor? Protons Electrons Neutrons
electrons
In the light-harvesting complex of the chloroplast, it is excitation ____________, not the electrons themselves, that pass from one pigment molecule to the next.
energy
The third stage of photosynthesis is also called carbon ___________.
fixation
The role of the _________-harvesting complex is to directly absorb photons of light.
light
Similar to other pigments, carotenoids assist photosynthesis by capturing energy from ____________, however, they absorb wavelengths that are not efficiently absorbed by ______________. In addition, they scavenge ____________ radicals.
light; chlorophylls; free
In a leaf, the thick layer of cells that are rich in chloroplasts is called the ____________
mesophyll
The production of one molecule of ___________ from water during photosynthesis requires several thousand chlorophyll molecules.
oxygen
During the primary photoevent, a(n) __________ of light is captured by a pigment.
photon
In all photosynthetic organisms studied to date, except one class of photosynthetic bacteria, light is captured by clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules, which together are called ______________.
photosystems
A chlorophyll molecule is made of a ___________ ring and a ______________ tail.
porphyrin; hydrocarbon
The first stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions is the ____________ ___________.
primary photoevent
The reaction center in chloroplasts is a transmembrane -____________ pigment complex.
protein
During photosynthesis, glucose is produced via the of __________ CO2.
reduction
When light strikes a pigment, some wavelengths are absorbed and some are reflected. For instance, a leaf that appears green to the eye ___________ green wavelengths of light.
reflects
The abbreviation, RuBP, stands for ___________ 1,5-bisphosphate.
ribulose
During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron is transferred from chlorophyll in the reaction center to an acceptor molecule; this stage in the thylakoid reactions is also known as charge ___________ .
separation
The range and efficiency of photons that a pigment molecule is capable of absorbing constitute its characteristic absorption _____________.
spectrum
The energy used by most living cells comes ultimately from the _____________ and is captured through the process of _______________.
sun; photosynthesis
As protons pass through the ATP_________ channels, ADP is phosphorylated to ATP and released into the __________ of the chloroplast.
synthase; stroma
In a green plant, the majority of photosynthesis takes place in __. the roots the leaves the stem/trunk the fruit the flowers
the leaves
The inner (internal) membrane of the chloroplast is also called the ____________ membrane.
thylakoid
The internal membrane of the chloroplast is also known as the primary membrane. lamellar membrane. stromal membrane. thylakoid membrane.
thylakoid membrane
In photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to glucose using electrons from the oxidation of _________; in respiration, ___________ is oxidized to CO2 using O2 as the final electron acceptor.
water/H2O; glucose
In the Calvin cycle, _____ molecules of CO2 are bound to the same number of RuBP molecules to produce 12 molecules of PGA.
6
Which of the following are the two components of a photosystem? A. A chlorophyll pair. B. An antenna complex. C. A reaction center. D. A chlorophyll center. E. A carotenoid antenna.
B, C
Select all that apply Which of the following are phases of the Calvin cycle? A. ATP investment B. Carbon fixation C. Reduction and carbohydrate production D. Polymerization of glucose E. Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate
B, C, E
How do carotenoids assist in the photosynthetic process? A. By removing electrons from water and passing them on to chlorophyll with the help of light. B. By capturing light wavelengths that are not efficiently absorbed by chlorophylls. C. By passing on the electron from chlorophyll to an electron acceptor. D. By shuffling electrons between different photosystems in the thylakoid membrane depending on their needs.
B.
What is the name of the enzyme that incorporates CO2 into organic matter during the Calvin cycle? A. calvinase B. rubisco C. fixase D. Calvin cycle carboxylase
B.
What occurs during the charge separation stage of the thylakoid reactions? A. Charged protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane. B. An excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule. C. ATP is synthesized using a gradient of protons.
B.
Where is rubisco located? A. In the outer chloroplast membrane B. In the chloroplast stroma C. In the inner chloroplast membrane D. In the thylakoid membrane
B.
Why are the cyclic reactions in carbon fixation also referred to as light-independent reactions? A. Because they only occur when light is not present. B. Because they can occur whether or not light is present.
B.
In photosynthesis, glucose is produced via the reduction of which of the following? Starch Chlorophyll Carbon dioxide Water
Carbon dioxide
Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following organisms? Heliobacteria Purple bacteria Cyanobacteria Green sulfur bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Select all that apply Which of the following are used by green plants to absorb light energy? A. Chloroplast c B. Chlorophyll c C. Xanthophyll b D. Chlorophyll b E. Chlorophyll a
D and E
What occurs during the primary photoevent? A. Light is captured and used to synthesize ATP. B. An electron is transferred to the chlorophyll in the reaction center. C. Light energy is transferred to the chlorophyll in the reaction center. D. A photon is captured by a pigment in the photosystem.
D.
In the Calvin cycle CO2 is attached to an organic molecule abbreviated as __________.
RuBP
The production of one molecule of O2 during photosynthesis requires how many chlorophyll molecules? One Four Thousands Two Between 4 an 100
Thousands; as many as 2500 molecules of chlorophyll may be needed, most of them located in the light-harvesting complexes of photosystems.
Photosystem II and photosystem I in the chloroplast are connected by a _____________/b6-f complex.
cytochrome