Chapter 8 Skeletal System: Axial Skeleton

The clavicles articulate with the sternum at the _____ notches. A. clavicular B. suprasternal C. cleidosternal D. jugular E. first costal

A. clavicular

The _______ suture is the articulation between the occipital bone and both parietal bones. A. lambdoid B. coronal C. sagittal D. squamous E. frontal

A. lambdoid

61. How many pairs of ribs are "floating ribs" that do not articulate with the sternum? A. 5 B. 2 C. 7 D. 12 E. 10

B. 2

What is the function of the nuchal lines? A. Attachment for dura mater B. Attachment for muscles and ligaments C. Passageway for cranial nerves D. Passageway for jugular vein E. Grooves for dural sinuses

B. Attachment for muscles and ligaments

Which of the cranial bones feature a squamous part? A. Occipital, temporal, and sphenoid B. Frontal, temporal and occipital C. Sphenoid and ethmoid D. Frontal, sphenoid, and temporal E. Occipital, parietal, and ethmoid

B. Frontal, temporal and occipital

Which of the spinal curves form when a child is about 12 months of age? A. Sacral B. Lumbar C. Cervical D. Thoracic E. Coccygeal

B. Lumbar

Which bone is not paired? A. Maxilla B. Mandible C. Lacrimal D. Nasal E. Zygomatic

B. Mandible

A perpendicular plate is a feature of the _____ and _____ bones. A. palatine; lacrimal B. ethmoid; sphenoid C. palatine; ethmoid D. nasal; lacrimal E. maxilla; zygomatic

C. palatine; ethmoid

The inferior articular processes of each vertebra articulate with the superior articular processes of the vertebra immediately cranial to it.

false

The seven bones that form the orbit are the maxilla, frontal, nasal, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones.

false

Which cranial fossa supports the cerebellum? A. Anterior B. Posterior C. Middle D. Lateral E. Medial

B. Posterior

Which bone bears the mandibular fossa? A. Maxilla B. Temporal C. Zygomatic D. Mandible E. Frontal

B. Temporal

Which bone is unpaired? A. Lacrimal B. Vomer C. Inferior nasal concha D. Palatine E. Maxilla

B. Vomer

Which bones articulate with the zygomatic bone? A. Frontal, temporal, and maxilla B. Temporal and maxilla C. Temporal and parietal D. Frontal, parietal, and occipital E. Temporal, sphenoid, and maxilla

A. Frontal, temporal, and maxilla

Which bone is not part of the facial complex? A. Temporal B. Mandible C. Zygomatic D. Maxilla E. Nasal

A. Temporal

The occipital condyles articulate with the A. axis. B. atlas. C. dens. D. vertebra prominens. E. odontoid process.

B. atlas.

The _________ process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone. A. alveolar B. condylar C. mastoid D. temporal E. coronoid

B. condylar

40. The membranous sheets that connect developing cranial bones are called A. sutures. B. fontanelles. C. intraosseous membranes. D. craniochondral articulations. E. ossicles.

B. fontanelles.

The _________ provide passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body. A. vertebral foramina B. intervertebral foramina C. vertebral canals D. articular facets E. transverse foramina

B. intervertebral foramina

How many pairs of ribs articulate (directly or indirectly) with the sternum? A. 7 B. 12 C. 10 D. 5 E. 24

C. 10

Which bone count is not correct for a normal adult human? A. 14 facial bones B. 7 pairs of true ribs C. 7 lumbar vertebrae D. 6 auditory ossicles E. 8 cranial bones

C. 7 lumbar vertebrae

What is the correct order for the vertebral regions, from superior to inferior? A. Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar B. Thoracic - sacral - lumbar - cervical - coccygeal C. Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal D. Thoracic - coccygeal - cervical - lumbar - sacral E. Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral

C. Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton? A. Malleus B. Sacrum C. Clavicle D. Atlas E. Frontal bone

C. Clavicle

Which bone bears the greater and lesser cornua? A. Maxilla B. Stapes C. Hyoid D. Incus E. Mandible

C. Hyoid

Which of these bones does not contribute to the region known as the pterion? A. Frontal B. Sphenoid C. Occipital D. Parietal E. Temporal

C. Occipital

Which bone bears the superior and inferior temporal lines? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal E. Zygomatic

C. Parietal

Which is not a function of the vertebral column? A. Supporting the weight of the head B. Maintaining upright body position C. Passageway for cranial nerves D. Passageway for spinal nerves E. Protecting the spinal cord

C. Passageway for cranial nerves

The pterygoid spines and optic canals are features of the _____ bone. A. ethmoid B. temporal C. sphenoid D. occipital E. frontal

C. sphenoid

What is the approximate volume of the adult cranial cavity? A. 100-300 cc B. 500-700 cc C. 1000-1200 cc D. 1300-1500 cc E. 1800-2000 cc

D. 1300-1500 cc

The vertebral column includes ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, and ___ lumbar vertebrae. A. 5; 12; 7 B. 6; 14; 6 C. 7; 13; 4 D. 7; 12; 5 E. 6; 13; 5

D. 7; 12; 5

Which is not true about aging of the skeleton? A. Bone density decreases with age. B. Articulating surfaces deteriorate with age. C. Many bones fuse with age. D. Bone mass increases with age. E. No exceptions; all choices are true.

D. Bone mass increases with age.

Which is not a feature of the ethmoid bone? A. Cribriform foramina B. Perpendicular plate C. Crista galli D. Inferior nasal concha E. Orbital plate

D. Inferior nasal concha

Which of these is not a paranasal sinus? A. Maxillary sinus B. Ethmoid sinus C. Sphenoid sinus D. Mastoid sinus E. Frontal sinus

D. Mastoid sinus

Which bone bears the infraorbital foramen? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Mandible D. Maxilla E. Zygomatic

D. Maxilla

Which bones form the calvaria? A. Occipital and parietals B. Parietals and frontal C. Occipital, parietals, and temporals D. Occipital, parietals, and frontal E. Occipital, parietals, temporals, and frontal

D. Occipital, parietals, and frontal

Which facial bone is shaped like the letter "L"? A. Nasal B. Lacrimal C. Vomer D. Palatine E. Zygomatic

D. Palatine

The incisive foramen and palatine process are features of the A. mandible. B. palatine bone. C. vomer. D. maxilla. E. temporal bone.

D. maxilla.

The jugular foramen is located between the _____ and _____ bones. A. temporal; parietal B. sphenoid; ethmoid C. sphenoid; occipital D. occipital; temporal E. occipital; parietal

D. occipital; temporal

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the _________ process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch. A. zygomatic B. maxillary C. frontal D. temporal E. mastoid

D. temporal

The thoracic cage includes A. the sternum, the clavicles, and 12 ribs. B. the sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 12 ribs. C. 12 thoracic vertebrae and 24 ribs. D. the sternum and 24 ribs. E. the hyoid bone, the sternum, the clavicles, and 24 ribs.

D. the sternum and 24 ribs.

Which is characteristic of a female skull, as compared to a male skull? A. Chin pointed and triangular B. Mandibular angle greater than 125 degrees C. Little or no prominence to superciliary arches D. External surface of occipital bone relatively smooth E. All of the choices are characteristic of a female skull.

E. All of the choices are characteristic of a female skull.

Which of these features is found in a lumbar vertebra? A. Pedicles B. Vertebral foramen C. Spinous process D. Vertebral arch E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens? A. C1 B. C2 C. C4 D. C5 E. C7

E. C7

Which is not a correct pairing of bone and feature? A. Occipital bone - foramen magnum B. Sphenoid bone - foramen rotundum C. Temporal bone - carotid canal D. Frontal bone - supraorbital foramen E. Parietal bone - mental foramen

E. Parietal bone - mental foramen

Which is not true about development of the axial skeleton? A. The sternum forms by fusion of the sternal bars. B. The parietal and frontal bones develop by intramembranous ossification. C. The sphenoid bone forms by endochondral ossification. D. The vertebrae form secondary ossification centers at puberty. E. The ribs and clavicles form from schlerotomes.

E. The ribs and clavicles form from schlerotomes.

The spinal cord terminates at an opening in the sacrum called the A. anterior sacral foramen. B. sacral canal. C. posterior sacral foramen. D. inferior sacral foramen. E. sacral hiatus.

E. sacral hiatus.

The portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland is the A. pterygoid process. B. pterygoid plate. C. greater wing. D. lesser wing. E. sella turcica.

E. sella turcica.

The vertebral processes that are most easily palpated along the midline of the back are the _____ processes. A. transverse B. inferior articular C. superior articular D. lamellar E. spinous

E. spinous

Fontanelles persist into adulthood, but are usually gone by age 50.

false

Supraorbital margins with thick, rounded, blunt borders are characteristic of female skulls.

false

Sutural (Wormian) bones are most commonly found in the squamous suture.

false

The tubercle of rib 4 articulates with the transverse costal facet of T3.

false

The "base" is the superior portion of the sacrum.

true

The crista galli of the ethmoid bone serves as a point of attachment for the falx cerebri of the dura mater.

true

The parietal bone forms through intramembranous ossification.

true

The portion of the mandible that forms the point of the chin is called the mental protuberance.

true

There are three pairs of nasal conchae in the nasal cavity; the superior and middle pairs are part of the ethmoid bone, but the inferior ones are separate bones.

true

Though it does not articulate with any other bone, the hyoid bone is considered to be part of the axial skeleton.

true

The skull consists of _____ cranial bones and _____ facial bones. A. 8; 14 B. 7; 12 C. 10; 12 D. 5; 7 E. 9; 11

A. 8; 14

Which features are found only on thoracic vertebrae? A. Costal facets and demifacets B. Transverse foramina C. Spinous processes D. Vertebral foramina E. Laminae

A. Costal facets and demifacets

Which feature is unique to the axis? A. Dens B. Bifid spinous process C. Superior articular facet D. Transverse foramen E. Vertebral foramen

A. Dens

Foramina in the skull serve as passageways for blood vessels, nerves, and other structures. Which of these foramina is covered by connective tissue in adults, and therefore does not serve as a passageway? A. Foramen lacerum B. Foramen rotundum C. Foramen ovale D. Foramen spinosum E. Foramen magnum

A. Foramen lacerum

Which bones form the inferior margin of the orbit? A. Maxilla and zygomatic B. Frontal and sphenoid C. Palatine and sphenoid D. Lacrimal and ethmoid E. Zygomatic and sphenoid

A. Maxilla and zygomatic

Which part of the temporal bone includes the internal acoustic meatus? A. Petrous B. Mastoid C. Squamous D. Tympanic E. Styloid

A. Petrous

What is the location of the auditory ossicles? A. Petrous part of temporal bone B. Squamous part of temporal bone C. Tympanic part of temporal bone D. Auditory part of temporal bone E. Mastoid part of temporal bone

A. Petrous part of temporal bone

Which curves of the vertebral column are present at birth? A. Thoracic and sacral B. Lumbar and cervical C. Lumbar and sacral D. Cervical and thoracic E. Lumbar and thoracic

A. Thoracic and sacral

Which is not a cranial bone? A. Vomer B. Frontal C. Occipital D. Temporal E. Parietal

A. Vomer

Each auricular surface of the sacrum is located on a(n) A. ala. B. median sacral crest. C. sacral cornu. D. apex. E. spinous process.

A. ala.

The superior portion of the sternum is called the A. xiphoid process. B. manubrium. C. body. D. gladiolus. E. coccyx.

B. manubrium.

The inner, gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc is called the A. annulus fibrosus. B. nucleus pulposus. C. lamella. D. chondral ring. E. articular ring.

B. nucleus pulposus.

What is the function of the cribriform plate? A. Permits air to enter the cranial cavity to cool the brain B. Provides large surface area for muscle attachment C. Permits passage of the olfactory nerves D. Forms part of the nasal septum E. Articulates with the atlas for rotational head movement

C. Permits passage of the olfactory nerves

Of the four largest types of sutures in the skull, which are paired? A. Lambdoid and sagittal B. Lambdoid and squamous C. Squamous only D. Lambdoid only E. Coronal and squamous

C. Squamous only

Rib 1 articulates with vertebra ______ and the ______. A. T1; body of the sternum B. T2; body of the sternum C. T1; manubrium of the sternum D. C7; manubrium of the sternum E. T2; clavicle

C. T1; manubrium of the sternum

Developmentally, the most significant growth in the skull occurs A. between the ages of 5 and 10. B. between the ages of 10 and 15. C. before age 5. D. between the ages of 15 and 20. E. between the ages of 20 and 25.

C. before age 5.

Transverse foramina are found in _____ vertebrae. A. thoracic B. lumbar C. cervical D. sacral E. all

C. cervical

The sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the A. apex of the heart. B. jugular vein. C. second rib. D. trachea. E. hyoid bone.

C. second rib.

Which of these skull bones cannot be palpated? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Occipital D. Parietal E. Ethmoid

E. Ethmoid