Chapter 8 Smartbook

- A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat - The corporate headquarters of a global technology company

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? 1. Common Purpose 2. Coordinated Effort 3. Division of Labor 4. Hierarchy of Authority

Common purpose

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being?

effectiveness

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions.

tall

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as:

simple structure

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______.

leaders

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

hero

An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.

accountability

Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

- Virtual - Modular - Hollow

Identify the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries.

rewards

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

- culture - structure

In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational:

person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______.

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______.

coordinated effort

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

stories

Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees.

Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions: vertical

span of control

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to ______.

Improper execution

What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives?

clan

A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

story

A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

organizational

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

strategy

A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.

adhocracy

A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.

organization

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

boundaryless

A(n) ______ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

Look for solutions to challenges, rather than problems

Be more resourceful

1. Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses 2. Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses 3. Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit

Click and drag on elements in order: - Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses - Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses - Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

Maintain a desire to learn and improve your career readiness competencies

Display a proactive learning orientation

explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______.

Try thinking about things such as "What surprised me about that situation?" or "What data might I be ignoring?"

Expand your perspective by asking different questions

View work or career changes as challenges to be overcome

Focus on being optimistic

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______.

symbol

In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions: horizontal

market

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures.

What is an observable artifact?

Observable artifacts are physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths and stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, decorations, as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees.

training

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

- Creating structures of accountability and responsibility - Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

Organizational design is concerned with which activities?

rites and rituals

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

- encourage employee productivity - send a strong message about the culture

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to:

espoused

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values.

ceremonies

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

Traditional designs: simple, functional, divisional, matrix structures Horizontal designs: horizontal structures Open boundary: hollow, modular, virtual structures

Select the types of organizational design.

Physical design

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

- Status symbols - Rewards

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

Symbols in organizational culture represent ______.

Absorb, learn, and understand rather than hold grudges

Take ownership and accept responsibility

person-organization fit

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______.

organization

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit.

observable artifacts

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______.

- Who reports to whom - Who specializes in what work

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

- A flat hierarchy - Authority in a single person - Low work specialization

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?

- Be proactive in learning situations. - Be more resourceful.

What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?

stories

When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values.

Prior to accepting a position

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit?

- Reduced intention to quit - Reduced work stress - Positive work attitude

Which are advantages of ensuring you have good potential fit with an organization before accepting a position?

- Encourages collaboration among employees - Promotes a feeling of family

Which are characteristics of clan culture?

Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture? - Has an external focus and values flexibility

- Organizational culture - Organizational structure - HR practices

Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution

- More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures - Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures - Higher market share in clan and market cultures

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?

- Processes - Activities - Outcomes

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

- Role modeling - Coaching - Training

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

- This design is also called a team-based design - Workgroups are used to improve collaboration - Internal boundaries are broken down

Which of the following statements regarding horizontal design are true?

- Rituals - Awards - Decorations

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

division of labor

With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency.

Formal statements

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Authority

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.