chapter 8

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. 1.34 3.4 34 13.4

3.4

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range. Prevention cost Appraisal cost Internal failure cost External failure cost

Appraisal cost

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. Prototypinga Systems thinking Mind mapping Benchmarking

Benchmarking

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes. SQFD MTBI OPM3 CMMI

CMMI

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications. Conformance to requirements Fitness for use Project feasibility Benchmarking

Conformance to requirements

___ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer. Prevention cost Appraisal cost Internal failure cost External failure cost

External failure cost

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization. Seven run rule ISO 9000 Six Sigma ASQ

ISO 9000

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system. Gantt charts Pareto charts Control charts Tracking Gantt charts

Pareto charts

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements. Process adjustments Rework Acceptance decisions Decomposition

Process adjustments

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations. A process adjustment Rework An acceptance decision Validation

Rework

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. Statistical sampling Conformance System testing Fitness for use

Statistical sampling

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system. Integration testing Unit testing User acceptance testing System testing

User acceptance testing

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time. statistical sampling chart Pareto chart Six Sigma chart control chart

control chart

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements. defect yield deliverable variance

defect

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management. initiating closing monitoring and controlling executing

executing

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management. initiating closing monitoring and controlling executing

monitoring and controlling

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management. controlling quality planning quality management quality certification performing quality assurance

planning quality management

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling. quality planning quality certification quality assurance quality control

quality control

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems. ISO 9000 six 9s of quality rule seven run rule Six Sigma rule

six 9s of quality rule

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. integration test unit test user acceptance test system test

unit test