Chapter 9-11

Both actin and myosin are found in the

A band

The myosin filaments are located in the

A band

Which of the following is true of axons? Smaller (thinner) axons are more likely to bear myelin sheaths than larger (thicker) axons. A neuron can have only one axon, but the axon may have occasional branches along its length. Neurons can have multiple axons but only one dendrite. Axons use chemically gated ion channels to generate graded potentials.

A neuron can have only one axon, but the axon may have occasional branches along its length.

Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement.

Agonist

Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle.

Antagonist

Unmyelinated fibers conduct impulses faster than myelinated fibers. True False

False

Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle.

Fixator

Powerful flexor and adductor of hand.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Stabilizes the wrist during finger extension

Flexor carpi ulnaris

The ..... contains only the actin filaments.

I band

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris? It pulls the lower lip down and back. It draws the eyebrows together. It closes the eye. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

If the cell could no longer produce ATP, what would be the effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum? It would be unable to concentrate Ca+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca+ would build up in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The muscle would not contract. Ca+ would leak out of the cell.

It would be unable to concentrate Ca+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following is NOT true of association neurons? Most association neurons are confined within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Association neurons account for over 99% of the neurons in the body. Association neurons are also known as interneurons. Most association neurons are multipolar.

Most association neurons are confined within the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

The thicker filaments are the....filaments.

Myosin

Which of the following peripheral nervous system (PNS) neuroglia form the myelin sheaths around larger nerve fibers in the PNS? oligodendrocytes astrocytes satellite cells Schwann cells

Schwann cells

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Skeletal muscle cells have T tubules. Skeletal muscle cells contain myoglobin. Skeletal muscle cells have glycosomes. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated. Skeletal muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead of ATP to do work.

Skeletal muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead of ATP to do work.

Which of the following is true? Skeletal muscle fibers tend to be shorter than smooth muscle fibers. Smooth muscle lacks the thin and thick filaments characteristic of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle fibers contain sarcomeres; smooth muscle fibers do not. Skeletal muscle lacks the coarse connective tissue sheaths that are found in smooth muscle.

Skeletal muscle fibers contain sarcomeres; smooth muscle fibers do not.

Of the following items listed below, which is the best description for why skeletal muscle stores glycogen. Skeletal muscle is a heavy consumer of energy. Glycogen is part of muscles rigid supporting framework. Glycogen provides a smooth surface for filaments to slide on. The glycogen is an insulating layer that helps regulate body temperature.

Skeletal muscle is a heavy consumer of energy

Which of the following is NOT a difference between graded potentials and action potentials? Graded potentials can result from the opening of chemically gated channels; action potentials require the opening of voltage-gated channels. Greater stimulus intensity results in larger graded potentials, but not larger action potentials. Graded potentials occur along dendrites, whereas action potentials occur along axons. Spatial summation is used to increase the amplitude of a graded potential; temporal summation is used to increase the amplitude of an action potential.

Spatial summation is used to increase the amplitude of a graded potential; temporal summation is used to increase the amplitude of an action potential.

Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement.

Synergist

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean? The muscle functions as a synergist. The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint. The muscle flexes and rotates a region. The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.

The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.

Which of the following is NOT true of an electrical synapse? They are less common than chemical synapses. Transmission across these synapses is very rapid. They are specialized for release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters. Communication through these synapses may be unidirectional or bidirectional.

They are specialized for release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters.

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily. True False

True

A sarcomere is the distance between two

Z discs

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? vastus lateralis tibialis posterior gluteus maximus adductor magnus

adductor magnus

Which of the following is the conducting region of the neuron? dendrites terminal boutons axon soma

axon

Identify the correct sequence of the following events. (a) Myosin generates a power stroke. (b) Ca+ binds to troponin. (c) ATP recharges the myosin head. (d) Troponin removes tropomyosin from G actin. (e) The sarcomere shortens. (f) Myosin binds to actin. b, f, a, c, e, d d, b, f , c, a, e f, a, c, e, d, b e, c, a, b, d, f b, d, f, a, e, c a, b, c, d, e, f

b, d, f, a, e, c

Part complete The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________. vomiting breathing swallowing back posture

breathing

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called? zygomaticus buccinator masseter platysma

buccinator

Which of the following is NOT one of the chemical classes into which neurotransmitters fall? chlorides amino acids gases and lipids peptides

chlorides

Which of the following are correctly matched? convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle

convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle

Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? the number of axon collaterals extending from a truncated axon whether the axon is located in the central nervous system or in the peripheral nervous system degree of myelination of the axon length of the axon

degree of myelination of the axon

Part complete The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________. transversus abdominis psoas major diaphragm internal oblique

diaphragm

Muscle tissue can be stimulated by the nervous system. Cells with the ability to change their membrane potential have what property? extensibility contractility elasticity excitability

excitability

Extends and abducts the hand.

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extends the thumb.

extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Flexes distal interphalangeal joints.

flexor digitorum profundus

Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process? internal intercostal diaphragm external intercostal latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle? levator scapulae subscapularis supraspinatus teres minor

levator scapulae

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________. mastoid process of the temporal bone clavicle platysma sternum

mastoid process of the temporal bone

Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? ependymal cells oligodendrocytes microglia astrocytes

microglia

What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors? part adjacent to another muscle cell motor end plate any part of the sarcolemma end of the muscle fiber

motor end plate

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions? muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilaments neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments

motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurons? interneurons multipolar sensory efferent

multipolar

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________. immunoglobin myoglobin hemoglobin ATP

myoglobin

Which of the following are bundles of neurofilaments that are important in maintaining the shape and integrity of neurons? chromatophilic substance axolemma perikaryon neurofibrils

neurofibrils

Which of the following are gaps found along a myelin sheath? terminal boutons nodes of Ranvier axolemma outer collar of perinuclear cytoplasm

nodes of Ranvier

Which of the following types of glial cells produces the myelin sheaths that insulate axons, or nerve fibers, in the central nervous system (CNS)? oligodendrocytes ependymal cells microglia astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

Part complete Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? reverberating circuits diverging circuits converging circuits pre-discharge circuits

pre-discharge circuits

Part complete The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. gastrocnemius rectus abdominis gluteus maximus quadriceps femoris

quadriceps femoris

Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? rectus femoris biceps femoris gluteus maximus vastus lateralis

rectus femoris

Which of the following are correctly matched? deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis transverse; parallel to the long axis rectus; straight brevis; long

rectus; straight

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic functions of the nervous system? monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body integration of sensory input regulation of neurogenesis control the activity of muscles and glands

regulation of neurogenesis

Which of the following circuit types is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as the sleep-wake cycle, breathing, and certain motor activities (such as arm swinging when walking)? converging circuits reverberating circuits parallel after-discharge circuits diverging circuits

reverberating

Slow oxidative muscle fibers are best suited for __________. running a marathon hitting a baseball lifting heavy weights at the gym running a 100-yard dash

running a marathon

The __________ shorten(s) during muscle contraction Z lines actin thick filament sarcomere

sarcomere

What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? intermediate filament network myofibrillar network mitochondria sarcoplasmic reticulum

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT a normal function of muscle tissue? secreting hormones stabilizing joints generating heat maintaining posture producing movement

secreting hormones

Which pattern of neural processing works in a predictable, all-or-nothing manner, where reflexes are rapid and automatic responses to stimuli in which a particular stimulus always causes the same response? parallel processing oscillative processing reflexive processing serial processing

serial processing

Which of the following are correctly paired? skeletal muscle; voluntary control cardiac muscle; nonstriated smooth muscle; striated cardiac muscle; voluntary control

skeletal muscle; voluntary control

Reduction in blood flow to a muscle fiber would have the greatest effect on ________. slow oxidative fibers fast oxidative fibers fast glycolytic both slow and fast oxidative

slow oxidative fibers

Myoglobin ________. produces the end plate potential breaks down glycogen stores oxygen in muscle cells is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP

stores oxygen in muscle cells

When a sarcomere contracts and thin filaments move over thick filaments you would expect to see ________. the H zone to appear wider the A band to appear darker the I bands to appear smaller the I bands to appear wider

the I bands to appear smaller

Which criterion is used to functionally classify neurons? whether the neurons are found within the CNS or the PNS the number of processes extending from the cell body neuron the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the central nervous system whether the nerve fibers are myelinated or unmyelinated

the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the central nervous system

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the nervous system's control of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the shape of the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments the location of the muscle

the nervous system's control of the muscle

The contractile, or functional, unit of a muscle fiber is __________. the sarcomere troponin the myofilament the elastic filament

the sarcomere

Which of the following allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles? the afferent division of the nervous system the somatic nervous system the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

the somatic nervous system

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? first-class lever third-class lever fourth-class lever second-class lever

third-class lever

The main forearm extensor is the __________. coracobrachialis brachilais triceps brachii biceps brachii

triceps brachii