Chapter 9

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Rochelle has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a beer stein. She then pours it from the beer stein back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?

reversibility

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

intimacy vs. isolation

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

developing a positive sense of self

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?

stranger anxiety

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

naturalistic observation

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Carshis mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility