Chapter 9

Which of the following best represents moral reasoning at the conventional level?

Being in favor of capital punishment because that is the law in your state.

Thomas is going through puberty. Which of the following changes will be not experience?

Hip broadening

The term schema, assimilation, and accommodation are most closely associated with which of the following psychologists?

Jean Piaget

What is the commonly accepted view of current psychologists regarding the nature-nurture controversy?

The interaction of these two factors determines what we become.

Postconventional moral reasoning is based on....

abstract principles of morality

If a child holds a schema that hospitals are for having babies, this schema might have to be changed if the child learns that his father has to be admitted to the hospital. This change in schema is called...

accommodation

Four-year-old Bai goes to the store to buy her mother a birthday present and picks out a Barbie doll. According to Piaget, Bai is demonstrating...

egocentrism

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of prenatal development?

germinal, embryonic, fetal

The physical activities involved in playing soccer would mostly include ______ motor skills.

gross

Manuel is taking computers at school. He really seems to take a great deal of pride in his skills. He works hard at it and believes that he is good at it. Manuel is most likely in Erikson's stage of ____.

industry vs. inferiority

A four-year-old child who ambitiously seeks to discover his environment and its expectations of him, would be in Erikson's stage of....

initiative vs. guilt

At pre-school, Morgan (age 3) often volunteers to help clean-up the play area. Morgan seems to be successfully mastering Erikson's crisis of....

initiative vs. guilt

According to Erik Erikson, an infant whose needs are not met by its caregivers is likely to develop...

mistrust

When your teacher announces that you are going to be discussing the theories and research of Lawrence Kohlber, you can expect that you will be talking about ______ development.

moral

Dr. Cortez believes that heredity influences development more so than ones environment. Dr. Cortez is emphasizing _____ over ______.

nature;nurture

If your 4-month-old infant appears to quickly lose interest in a pacifier that you have just hidden under a blanket, Piaget would say that the infant lacks an understanding of...

object permanence

A child who does not yet understand object permanence is most likely in Piaget's _____ stage.

sensorimotor

Yan has never seen a zebra. While watching a television show on animals, a zebra is shown and Yan says, "Look at the horse." According to Piaget, Yan is engaging in....

assimilation

Bill believes that children need physical punishment, and are usually not competent enough to make their own decisions or be involved in family decisions. Diana Baumrind would characterize his parenting style as...

authoritarian

Trey wants to play basketball in a local league. He and his mom sit down and discuss what grades he will have to maintain in order to play on the basketball team. They also agree on what the consequences will be if Trey does not maintain his grades. Trey's mom is most likely a(n) ____ parent.

authoritative

Melissa is overprotective of her two-year-old son, Lance. She is so fearful that he will harm himself that she does everything for him and does not allow him to try and master simple tasks such as putting his toys away. It is likely that Lance may have difficulty resolving Erikson's crisis of ____.

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A child who consistently uses logical thinking to solve conservation problems is likely in Piaget ______ stage.

concrete operations

Kamal believes that abortion is wrong as many of his friends and his parents also believe. Kamal is most likely at which of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

conventional

Jean Piaget would have been most interested in the...

differences between the thought processes of children and adolescents.

An automobile driver who justifies speeding as long as you don't have to pay a fine, is most likely reasoning at the _____ level of moral development.

preconventional

If you are doing a research paper on the theories of Erik Erikson, your topic will most likely focus on ______ development.

psychological

Assimilation is to ______, as accommodation is to _____.

use of existing schema; creation of new schema