chapter 9 adulthood

Skip generation families are more likely to occur in which racial/ethnic group?

African Americans.

In a test of the intergenerational solidarity model, researchers found that siblings were likely to exchange more help with each other when their parents:

had poor relationships with all of their children

The ___________ effect refers to the fact that widows are more likely to die after losing their spouse.

widowhood

Approximately ______% of men and women who have extramarital affairs become divorced

50

Research on friendship patterns in adults in the U.S. show that approximately ______% have known their best friends for at least 10 years.

65

The highest marital satisfaction, according to the similarity hypothesis, occurs when couples:

are very much alike in their personalities.

The ______________approach to marital satisfaction predicts greater happiness when couples engage in positive behaviors such as expressing affection.

behavioral

A study of Canadian parents showed that the greatest difficulty in adapting to the empty nest was experienced by parents who:

believe that the world is a dangerous and threatening place.

In equity theory, partners are seen as having the highest marital satisfaction if they:

believe they are each contributing similarly to the relationship

The situation in families when parents and their adult children no longer want to be with each other and, in fact, no longer value the relationship is known as a(n):

developmental schism

In the ______________ pathway of long-term relationships, the way a couple gets along at the outset of the marriage will continue throughout the length time they stay together.

enduring dynamics

When children reach the age at which they enter adulthood, they and their parents experience a phenomenon known as:

filial maturity.

The phenomenon known as doing _________ occurs after the transition to parenthood, when men and women adopt more stereotyped roles in the household

gender

Couples in long-term relationships characterized by emergent distress show which pattern of conflict over time?

gradual disappointment with each other and the relationship

Siblings in later life who exchange more help, according to research on a Netherlands sample, are likely to have had parents who:

had poor relationships with all their children

The sibling relationship in later adulthood is unique because siblings typically:

have known each other longer than anyone else in their lives.

In the U.S., there are approximately ______ million widowed adults, most of whom are 65 and older

14

What is the approximate percentage of grandparents raising grandchildren who are 60 years and older?

14

In 2010, a woman marrying for the first time at 30 years of age would be approximately ___________ compared to the median woman in the U.S. for age at first marriage.

4 years older

A woman because a widow 20 years ago and has not remarried. Compared to other women her age who are currently married, Anne is likely to engage in which types of health-related behaviors?

Engaging in less physical activity.

What is the living situation known as a skip generation family?

Grandparents alone raise the grandchildren

Of the following, which race and sex group is MOST likely to be married and living with a spouse?

Non-hispanic White men 65-74

Because many adults enter into remarriages more likely to leave because they are open to the relationship's ending, they are said to be high on the factor known as:

Reciprocal exchange.

Men who become most confident about their roles as fathers are those who

are regarded as competent by their wives

The role of grandparenting to aging individuals is shown by researchers to

be important to their mental health.

showed about the same relationship satisfaction decline

behave according to traditional roles

A couple decided to move in together because they were unsure about whether or not they wanted to commit to a long-term relationship. They figured they'd give it a try. Should they get married, research suggests that they will potentially experience the __________ effect:

cohabitation

A 40-year-old man was disappointed that his family reunion was spoiled when the older relatives clashed with the younger relatives about the upcoming presidential election. No matter what he did, it was impossible for him to get each side to see the other's point. According to the Intergenerational Solidarity Model, the generations would have low scores on the ____________ dimension.

consensual

According to the _____________, parents tend to give more support to their adult children who need the most help

contingency theory

A couple who had initially seemed destined to remain together for years, if not decades, surprised their families when they announced their impending divorce. Neither of them could cite a particular problem; it's just they felt they grew apart. This pattern of long-term relationship is known as:

disillusionment

A woman felt that her relationship with her partner took a turn for the worse when, after having their first child, she had to take on more of the "feminine" household tasks. This is an example of _____________, a factor that can contribute to reduced marital satisfaction among women in the transition to parenthood.

doing gender

A study in the Netherlands of parents and adult children testing the Intergenerational Solidarity Model showed that when parents had poor relationships with their children, the sibilings:

exchanged more help with each other

Research on adapting to divorce shows that the least frequent negative emotions are experienced by people who

feel they've gained independence.

Compared to opposite-sex couples living together, research shows that same-sex couples are:

less likely to break up.

Research shows that lesbian and gay couples experience more emotional difficulties in raising children when they:

live in states that do not favor same-sex parental adoption

Research on "helicopter parents" among young adults and their parents indicates that adult children who receive "intense" support from their parents report feeling:

more likely to have high feelings of life satisfaction

A couple in their 30s is thinking of getting married. One partner is very outgoing and sociable, and the other is introverted and shy. According to the ____________ hypothesis on long-term relationships, they should be very happy together.

need complementarity

The greatest degree of filial _________is likely to be experienced by Asian American families.

obligation

The intergenerational stake hypothesis about families with adult children proposes that:

parents care more about children than children about parents.

Your friends from the gym, who you only see when you work out or go to a group fitness class, are known as which type of friends?

peripheral ties

Married couples who are best friends with each other may show __________. in which they try to take on the positive qualities of the other couple.

platonic couple love

The "anniversary reaction," as applied to widowhood, refers to the:

renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death.

Research by Bonnanno on grief in widows showed that the majority of women displayed the pattern known as ____________ grief.

resilient

A meta-analysis of studies on satisfaction among couples before and after birth of the first child showed that, compared to non-parents, the parents:

showed about the same relationship satisfaction decline

A couple you know has recently gotten married. Research shows that the husband will be happiest with his wife if she shows the quality of:

sociability

According to __________________ theory, members of a couple in a long-term relationship should prefer to spend time with each other rather than people they don't know very well

socioemotional selectivity

A young woman feels that her parents treated her too much like an adult when she was growing up, giving her more responsibility than even she felt she could handle. This situation reflects a relationship characterized by:

structural ambivalence