Chapter 9, chapter 10, PM Chapter 11
24. _____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each. a. Identifying risks b. Planning risk management c. Performing qualitative risk analysis d. Performing quantitative risk analysis
a. Identifying risks
25. _____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence. a. Performing qualitative risk analysis b. Identifying risks c. Planning risk responses d. Performing quantitative risk analysis
a. Performing qualitative risk analysis
41. _____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes. a. Risk avoidance b. Risk acceptance c. Risk transference d. Risk mitigation
a. Risk avoidance
43. _____ involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens. a. Risk exploitation b. Risk sharing c. Risk enhancement d. Risk acceptance
a. Risk exploitation
49. _____ are unplanned responses to risk events used when project teams do not have contingency plans in place. a. Workarounds b. Fallback plans c. Contingency plans d. Triggers
a. Workarounds
37. A(n) _____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain. a. decision tree b. activity-on-arrow c. workaround d. backward pass
a. decision tree
35. Identifying risks is a subprocess of the _____ process of project risk management. a. planning b. executing c. monitoring and controlling d. closing
a. planning
36. Performing qualitative and quantitative risk analyses are subprocesses of the _____ process of project risk management. a. planning b. executing c. monitoring and controlling d. closing
a. planning
23. The degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on in anticipation of a reward is a. risk appetite b. risk tolerance c. risk utility d. unknown risk
a. risk appetite
20. Those who are _____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake. a. risk-seeking b. risk-averse c. risk-neutral d. risk-indifferent
a. risk-seeking
40. A _____ is a technique used to show the effects of changing one or more variables on an outcome. a. sensitivity analysis b. decision tree c. Monte Carlo analysis d. systems analysis
a. sensitivity analysis
People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. a. affiliation c. power b. security d. achievement
achievement
In the Tuckman model, _____ involves the break-up of the team after it successfully reaches its goals and completes the work.
adjourning
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders. a. authority c. expertise b. achievement d. self-actualization
authority
22. _____ involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project. a. Identifying risks b. Planning risk management c. Performing qualitative risk analysis d. Performing quantitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk management
27. _____ involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives. a. Performing quantitative risk analysis b. Planning risk responses c. Controlling risk d. Performing qualitative risk analysis
b. Planning risk responses
47. _____ applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk. a. Risk enhancement b. Risk acceptance c. Risk sharing d. Risk exploitation
b. Risk acceptance
45. _____ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party. a. Risk exploitation b. Risk sharing c. Risk enhancement d. Risk acceptance
b. Risk sharing
32. A(n) _____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other. a. risk breakdown structure b. influence diagram c. process flow chart d. work breakdown structure
b. influence diagram
19. Risk utility rises at a decreasing rate for a _____ person. a. risk-seeking b. risk-averse c. risk-neutral d. risk-indifferent
b. risk-averse
An example of pull communication is _____.
blogs
59. _____ is a technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgment.
brainstorming
39. What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis? a. Determine the probability distribution of each variable. b. For each variable, such as the time estimate for a task, select a random value based on the probability distribution for the occurrence of the variable. c. Assess the range for the variables being considered. d. Run a deterministic analysis or one pass through the model using the combination of values selected for each one of the variables.
c. Assess the range for the variables being considered.
29. _____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs. a. Secondary risks b. Workarounds c. Contingency plans d. Management reserves
c. Contingency plans
28. _____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project. a. Performing quantitative risk analysis b. Planning risk responses c. Controlling risk d. Performing qualitative risk analysis
c. Controlling risk
38. _____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results. a. Sensitivity b. Systems c. Monte Carlo d. NPV
c. Monte Carlo
46. _____ involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk. a. Risk exploitation b. Risk sharing c. Risk enhancement d. Risk acceptance
c. Risk enhancement
44. _____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party. a. Risk avoidance b. Risk acceptance c. Risk transference d. Risk mitigation
c. Risk transference
33. The _____ lists the relative probability of a risk occurring and the relative impact of the risk occurring. a. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking chart b. requirements traceability matrix c. probability/impact matrix d. expectations management matrix
c. probability/impact matrix
30. Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the project _____ management knowledge area. a. integration b. quality c. procurement d. human resources
c. procurement
What is e-mail communication is most suited for?
communicating simple information
58. _____ is the process of understanding what potential events might hurt or enhance a particular project.
contingency reserves
69. _____ are provisions held by the project sponsor or organization to reduce the risk of cost or schedule overruns to an acceptable level.
contingency reserves
5. The last step in project risk management is deciding how to address this knowledge area for a particular project by performing risk management planning.
false
7. Brainstorming is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.
false
8. The psychology literature shows that individuals, working alone, produce fewer ideas than the same individuals produce through brainstorming in small, face-to-face groups.
false
61. System or process _____ are diagrams that show how different parts of a system interrelate.
flowcharts
Which document predicts future project status and progress based on past information and trends?
forecasts
The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a _____ need. a. deficiency c. safety b. growth d. physiological
growth
55. The main output of the _____ process is the start of a risk register.
identifying risks
54. The term _____ is used to describe risks that the project team has identified and analyzed.
known risks
The items discussed in a(n) _____ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, causes of variances on the project, reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences.
lessons-learned report
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., what is the most appropriate medium for addressing negative behavior?
meeting
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., which is the most appropriate medium for giving complex instructions?
meeting
Which communication method is most appropriate for assessing the commitment of project stakeholders?
meeting
72. Risk _____ refers to reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence.
mitigation
Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction _____.
motivators
The formula to determine the number of communication channels is _____, where n is the number of people involved.
n (n-1)/2
50. Potential problems that might occur on the project and how they might impede project success are _____ risks.
negative
A(n) _____ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.
organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
The output of the _____ process is a communications management plan.
planning communications
Which process involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders?
planning communications
Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be _____ and choose their responses to different situations.
proactive
Which document describes what the project team has accomplished during a certain period?
progress reports
What documents include a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project?
project archives
73. _____ risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented.
residual
A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time. a. responsibility assignment matrix c. RACI charts b. resource histogram d. organizational breakdown structure
resource histogram
51. A project _____ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.
risk
71. _____ involves accepting the consequences should a risk occur.
risk acceptance
57. A(n) _____ is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project.
risk breakdown structure
65. _____ are numbers that represent the overall risk of specific events, based on their probability of occurring and the consequences to the project if they do occur.
risk factors
56. A(n) _____ documents the procedures for managing risk throughout the project.
risk management plan
64. The _____ is the person who will own or take responsibility for the risk.
risk owner
62. A(n) _____ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes.
risk register
66. The main output of qualitative risk analysis is updating the ________.
risk register
52. _____ is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.
risk utility
53. Risk utility rises at a decreasing rate for a(n) _____ person.
risk-averse
70. _____ helps professionals to see the effects of changing one or more variables on an outcome.
sensitivity analysis
Which method of communication is likely to be most effective for conveying sensitive or important information?
short face-to-face meetings
Which document addresses where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals?
status reports
Which document describes where the project stands at a specific point in time?
status reports
In the DISC profile, the letter "S" represents _____.
steadiness
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate. a. performing c. forming b. norming d. storming
storming
The _____ line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail.
subject
63. _____ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events.
triggers
1. Risks can have both negative and positive effects on meeting project objectives.
true
11. A probability/impact matrix or chart lists the relative probability of a risk occurring on one side of a matrix or axis on a chart and the relative impact of the risk occurring on the other.
true
13. The Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF) includes a risk management model that includes developing and monitoring a top-ten master list of risks.
true
14. Quantitative risk analysis need not be done for projects that are large and complex.
true
16. The Monte Carlo analysis can predict the probability of finishing by a certain date or the probability that the cost will be equal to or less than a certain value.
true
17. Identified risks may not materialize, or their probabilities of occurrence or loss may diminish.
true
18. The risk register can be created with a simple Microsoft Word or Excel file.
true
2. One possible response to managing negative risk it to accept the potential effects from the risk.
true
3. A risk-seeking person prefers outcomes that are more uncertain and is often willing to pay a penalty to take risks.
true
6. Contingency plans are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.
true
9. The Delphi technique is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.
true
An example of push communication is _____.
voice mails
67. A(n) _____ is a list of risks that are low priority, but are still identified as potential risks.
watch list
A(n) _____ is a website that enables anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify its content.
wiki
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ mode retreat from an actual or potential disagreement.
withdrawal
74. Project teams sometimes use _____, which are unplanned responses to risk events, when they do not have contingency plans in place.
workarounds
According to research by Albert Mehrabian, which is NOT a way that information is communicated through face-to-face interaction?
written content
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts. a. smoothing c. confrontation b. forcing d. compromise
compromise
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process. a. performing c. forming b. norming d. storming
performing
At the bottom of Maslow's structure are _____ needs. a. esteem c. physiological b. self-actualization d. social
physiological
_____ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.
Achievers
_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project. a. Planning human resource management b. Developing the project team c. Acquiring the project team d. Managing the project team
Acquiring the project team
What are the five main types of power?
Coercive power Legitimate power Expert power Reward power Referent power
_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team
Developing the project team
_____ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.
Extrinsic motivation
A RAM is used only to assign detailed work activities.
F
According to Covey, project managers must use a win/lose approach in making decisions.
F
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.
F
Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.
F
Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.
F
Microsoft Project 2010 does not lend itself to project human resource management.
F
The forcing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.
F
Communication becomes simpler when you increase the number of team members.
False
_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor
Frederick Herzberg
_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person. a. Empathic listening c. Synergy b. Rapport d. Mirroring
Mirroring
_____ means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.
Overallocation
_____ issues that affect how people work and how well they work include motivation, influence and power, and effectiveness.
Psychosocial
_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks. a. Resource loading c. Resource allocation b. Resource leveling d. Resource histogram
Resource leveling
_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods. a. Resource loading c. Resource histogram b. Resource leveling d. Resource logs
Resource loading
_____ is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. Esteem c. Physiological b. Self-actualization d. Social
Self-actualization
In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. a. Extrovert/Introvert c. Judgment/Perception b. Thinking/Feeling d. Sensation/Intuition
Sensation/Intuition
_____ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.
Synergy
A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.
T
In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate.
T
Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.
T
People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.
T
Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.
T
Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.
T
The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).
T
The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story. a. RAM c. TAT b. MBTI d. RACI
TAT
Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility. a. Theory Z c. Theory Y b. Theory X d. Theory K
Theory X
Managers who believe in McGregor's _____ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.
Theory Y
A facilitator can help the team solve any communication problems.
True
Adding more people to a project that is falling behind schedule often causes more setbacks because of the increased complexity of communications.
True
Do not have a meeting if there is a better way of achieving the objective at hand.
True
Good information technology project managers must have strong technical and communication skills.
True
In a project, communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making mistakes.
True
Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates. a. managing the project team b. acquiring the project team c. developing the project team d. planning the human resource plan
acquiring the project team
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. a. affiliation c. power b. self-actualization d. achievement
affiliation
Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. esteem c. physiological b. self-actualization d. safety
esteem
Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented. a. "Expressives" c. "Analyticals" b. "Drivers" d. "Amiables"
"Analyticals"
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would two people require?
1
What are the five stages of team development according to the Tuckman model?
1. Forming involves the introduction of team members, either at the initiation of the team, or as new members are introduced. This stage is necessary, but little work is actually achieved. 2. Storming occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate. People test each other, and there is often conflict within the team. 3. Norming is achieved when team members have developed a common working method, and cooperation and collaboration replace the conflict and mistrust of the previous phase. 4. Performing occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process. Relationships are settled, and team members are likely to build loyalty towards each other. At this stage, the team is able to manage tasks that are more complex and cope with greater change. 5. Adjourning involves the break-up of the team after they successfully reach their goals and complete the work.
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would five people require?
10
A team has 10 communication channels between its various members. Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, it can be deduced that the team has _____ members.
5
Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.
F
_____ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity and is important for communication.
Rapport
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor? a. Recognition c. Training b. Salary d. Health benefits
Recognition
_____ is based on an individual's personal charisma. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power
Referent power
A(n) _____ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.
Request for Proposal (RFP)
_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power
Reward power
The communications management plan varies with the needs of the project.
True
_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory. a. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Jung b. Abraham Maslow d. Philip Zimbardo
Abraham Maslow
As a manager, you want to praise a team member, Phil, for doing a good job on a particular project. However, you know he tends to be an introvert. Which communication method would Phil be most comfortable with?
Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.
_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power
Coercive power
_____ fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed.
Deputy project managers
68. _____ is the product of a risk event probability and the risk event's monetary value.
EMV
_____ is listening with the intent to understand.
Empathic listening
In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented
F
Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.
F
Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.
F
Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.
F
Improving an organization's ability to communicate is an easy process.
False
Minutes must be a comprehensive report of the meeting that was scheduled.
False
Project members should either have strong technical skills or soft skills.
False
Status reports should be written in a consistent format, regardless of the stakeholders' needs.
False
Which question is typically addressed by a project forecast?
How much more money will be needed to complete the project?
Which is a guideline that project managers should follow when communicating with teams through e-mail?
If the entire message can fit in the subject line, put it there.
Which is true of push communication?
Information is sent to recipients without their request.
_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team
Managing the project team
The _____ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers. a. Theory W c. Theory Y b. Theory X d. Theory Z
Theory Z
It is extremely important to document any changes in technical specifications that might affect product performance.
True
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management. a. executing c. planning b. controlling and monitoring d. initiating
executing
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is _____. a. defining how the work will be accomplished b. breaking down the work into manageable elements c. finalizing the project requirements d. assigning work responsibilities
finalizing the project requirements
Resource _____ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.
leveling
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy. a. affiliation c. power b. advancement d. achievement
power
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position. a. penalty c. expertise b. assignment d. promotion
promotion
The _____ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.
responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor
Douglas McGregor
A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.
F
E-mail is the most appropriate medium for all types of communications.
False
Geographic location and cultural background have no impact on communications.
False
_____ power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.
Legitimate
Most WBSs include a section for project communications to ensure that reporting key information is a project deliverable.
True
People have different personality traits that often affect their communication preferences.
True
Project managers must assess the needs of the organization, the project, and individuals in determining which communication medium to use, and when.
True
Rarely does the receiver interpret a message exactly as the sender intended.
True
The project manager often combines information from all of the lessons-learned reports into a project summary report.
True
12. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking is a quantitative risk analysis tool.
false
15. The lower the earned monetary value calculation for a project, the chances of project success is higher.
false
4. Unknown risks can be managed proactively.
false
According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed? a. Commitment c. Accountability b. Autonomy d. Teamwork
Teamwork
Briefly describe the four processes involved in human resource management.
Planning human resource management Acquiring the project team Developing the project team Managing the project team
_____ is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.
Power
31. _____ is a fact-finding technique that can be used for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions. a. Brainstorming b. Monte Carlo analysis c. The Delphi technique d. Interviewing
d. Interviewing
26. _____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives. a. Performing qualitative risk analysis b. Planning risk responses c. Identifying risks d. Performing quantitative risk analysis
d. Performing quantitative risk analysis
42. _____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence. a. Risk avoidance b. Risk acceptance c. Risk transference d. Risk mitigation
d. Risk mitigation
48. _____ risks refer to those that are direct results of implementing risk responses. a. Architectural b. Primary c. Residual d. Secondary
d. Secondary
34. _____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool that maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project in addition to identifying risks. a. SharePoint portal b. Probability/impact matrices or charts c. Expectations management matrix d. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
d. Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
21. A _____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff. a. risk-seeking b. risk-averse c. risk-fearing d. risk-neutral
d. risk-neutral
As the number of people involved in a project _____, the complexity of communications _____.
decreases, increases
According to Maslow, only after meeting _____ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.
deficiency
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs. a. self-actualization c. safety b. deficiency d. growth
deficiency
60. The basic concept of the _____ technique is to derive a consensus among a panel of experts who make predictions about future developments.
delphi
The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates. a. managing the project team c. developing the project team b. acquiring the project team d. human resource planning
developing the project team
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is a medium that is "excellent" for encouraging creative thinking.
During which phase must project teams address important considerations for managing information (and often end up updating business processes through improved communications)?
execution
10. Risk events refer to specific, certain events that may occur to the detriment or enhancement of the project.
false