Chapter 9 Homework

Excessive muscle contraction is detected by: sensory adaption referred pain Golgi tendon organs muscle spindles

Golgi tendon organs

The type of receptor that senses changes in pressure or movement is a _________.

Mechanoreceptors

_________ respond to the sensation of light touch.

Meissner's corpuscles

Receptors that are stimulated by damage to tissues are ________ receptors.

Nociceptors

Receptors that are only found in the eye are: mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors

Photoreceptors

What is the name of the type of receptor sensitive to temperature changes? Mechanoreceptors Pain receptors Thermoreceptor

Thermoreceptor

The extrinsic eye muscle work as _______ pairs. antagonistic synergistic agonistic

antagonistic

The aqueous humor is located in the ______ cavity of the eye, which includes both the anterior and posterior chambers.

anterior

The fluid of the anterior cavity of the eye is called the ___ humor.

aqueous

The _____ joins the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps to equalize air pressure. bony labyrinth auditory tube tympanic membrane hair cells

auditroy tube

Rods and cones will synapse with __________ cells, which will synapse with _________ cells to initiate a nerve signal.

bipolar, ganglion

Which area of the retina is lacking photoreceptors? macula lutea fovea centralis blind spot

blind spot

Unlike rods, there are _____, _______, and ______ cone pigments. blue green red purple yellow

blue, green, red

Receptors that respond to the presence of chemicals in the nearby area are ________.

chemoreceptors

_______ are found within the aorta to help detect oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration in the blood. chemoreceptors proprioceptors nociceptors mechanoreceptors

chemoreceptors

The _____ body contains muscles that surround the lens and controls vision.

ciliary

The shape of the lens is controlled by the ______ muscles.

ciliary

The lens is attached to the _____ which allows for accommodation

ciliary body

Absence of the color pigments in the cones results in: night vision glaucoma color blindness macula degeneration

color blindness

The photoreceptors that provide color vision are called __________ the ones that provide black/gray/white vision are called _________ cells.

cone, rod

The fovea centralis contains densely packed cells called _________ making this area the sharpest for bright-light vision

cones

A transparent mucous membrane that folds back to cover the anterior portion of the eye is known as the: retina sclera ciliary body conjunctiva

conjunctiva

The mucous membrane of the inner eyelids is called the _________.

conjunctiva

The window of the transparent __________, which is located anterior to the aqueous humor and the lens and helps to focus entering light rays.

cornea

The deepest layer of the epidermis and entire dermis layer of the skin contain ____________ receptors that detect touch, pain, pressure, and temperature.

cutaneous

The layers of the skin include: dermis tendons skeletal muscle epidermis

dermis, epidermis

What are the functions of proprioceptors?

detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction, maintain posture and muscle tone

The auditory canal is lined with specialized sweat glands that produce cerumen, more commonly known as: pinna eardrum earwax hair cells

earwax

The outermost, or most superficial, layer of the skin is the ________ and the deeper later is the _______.

epidermis, dermis

The ear is the organ that functions in the sense of hearing. It also functions in the sense of ______.

equilibrium

The eye is held in place inside the orbit by the extrinsic eye muscles lacrimal apparatus orbicularis oculi supraorbital ridge

extrinsic eye muscles

The accessory organs of the eye include eyelashes eyebrows lacrimal apparatus extrinsic eye muscles

eyelashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscles

True or false: Rods are more highly concentrated in the fovea centralis.

false

True or false: The area of the retina that produces the sharpest vision is the optic disc.

false

The center of the macula lutea where vision is the sharpest is the: pupil choroid fovea centralis cornea suspensory ligaments

fovea centralis

The slightly depressed center region of the macula that produces the sharpest vision is known as the optic disc blind spot fovea centralis pupil cornea

fovea centralis

Excessive muscle contraction is detected by: sensory adaption golgi tendon organs muscle spindles referred pain

golgi tendon organs

What are the functions of the ear? taste olfaction hearing equilibrium vision

hearing, equilibrium

Pigmentation determines the color of the _____ and in turn the color of your eyes. ciliary body retina sclera iris

iris

The ____ is a pigmented smooth muscle structure that regulates the pupil.

iris

Tears are produced by the

lacrimal apparatus

The accessory organ of the eye that produces tears is the: nasolacrimal duct lacrimal gland canaliculi conjunctiva

lacrimal gland

The ___ divides the eye into an anterior and posterior compartment.

lens

The transparent, elastic structure of the eye which changes shape in response to contraction by ciliary muscles is the _____.

lens

What are functions of the proprioceptors?

maintain posture and muscle tone, detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction

The three auditory ossicles, which are located in the middle ear, are the ________, the _________, and the ________.

malleus, incus, stapes

Vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light because: -there are more rods than cones in the eye -cones are more responsive in dim light -the pupil lets in more light than the lens can focus on -many rods converge on a single ganglion

many rods converge on a single ganglion

Which of the following is the type of receptor that senses mechanical forces by detecting displacement of the tissue in which they are located: chemoreceptor mechanoreceptor pain receptor thermoreceptor

mechanoreceptor

The _______ ear is an air-filled space that houses the three auditory ossicles.

middle

Specialized muscle fibers wrapped in sensory nerve endings that monitor the length of skeletal muscles are: meissner's corpuscles Golgi tendon organ merkel disks muscle spindles

muscle spindles

Specialized muscle fibers wrapped in sensory nerve endings that monitor the length of skeletal muscles are: merkel disks golgi tendon organ muscle spindles meissner's corpuscles

muscle spindles

Impulses from stimulated olfactory receptors travel along their axons, which makeup the olfactory _____, then to olfactory _____ and finally to the _____.

nerves; bulbs; tracts

Chemoreceptors can be found in places like the: nose fingers taste buds hair follicles

nose, taste buds

Visual nerve pathways bring nerve impulses from the retina to the visual centers in the __________ lobe of the brain.

occipital

Four of the six extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by the ____ nerve. oculomotor facial hypoglossal olfactory

oculomotor

________ impulses may result when an odorant molecule stimulates a distinct set of receptor cells. visual olfactory tactile

olfactory

Neurons in the nasal cavity supported by columnar epithelial cells are called: bipolar cells taste cells olfactory cells

olfactory cells

The cranial nerve that is formed from sensory fibers from the retina is the ________ nerve.

optic

The retina sends sensory information to the brain by the: optic nerve olfactory nerve oculomotor nerve facial nerve

optic nerve

Pigment molecules are embedded within the ______ segment of the rods and cones. outer inner

outer

Which sensory receptor is found in deeper dermal and subcutaneous tissues and responds to changes in pressure? meissner's corpuscles free nerve endings pacinian corpuscles

pacinian corpuscles

Nociceptors are somatic receptors that are also known as ________ receptors.

pain

Nociceptors for sensing ____ are widely distributed throughout the skin and internal tissues, except in the nervous tissue of the brain.

pain

What is the name of the receptors that are stimulated by tissue damage? chemoreceptors pain receptors thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors

pain receptors

The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects the middle ear to the _____. oral cavity cranial cavity larynx pharynx

pharynx

The receptors that can be damaged by staring directly at the sun are the ________.

photoreceptors

The following are components of the outer ear: semicircular canals pinna external auditory canal vestibule

pinna, external auditory canal

A circular opening in the center of the iris is called the: choroid retina pupil cornea lens

pupil

The _____ is the inner layer of the eye and is located in the posterior compartment.

retina

The cornea, lens and fluids in the eye chambers help to focus an image on the _________.

retina

The inner layer of the eye that contains photoreceptors is the:

retina

The inner layer of the eye, which contains the visual receptor cells, is called the _______.

retina

The fovea centralis is the area of sharpest vision because it lacks _____. photoreceptors rods cones

rods

What type of photoreceptor is more sensitive to light and can, therefore, provide vision in dim light? cones rods

rods

Which type of photoreceptor provides black/white/gray vision?

rods

Which type of photoreceptor provides black/white/gray vision? cones rods

rods

Of the photoreceptors, the ________ are more sensitive to light than the _________ and therefore can provide vision in dim light.

rods, cones

The retina contains photoreceptors called:

rods, cones

The five primary taste sensations are:

salty, sour, sweet, umami, bitter

The delicate fibers called _____ attach the lens to the ciliary body. aqueous humor retina vitreous humor suspensory ligaments

suspensory ligaments

Scattered throughout the tongue, hard palate, and pharynx are _____ that contain the sensory receptors for the sense of taste. papillae uvula taste buds fauces

taste buds

Tongue papillae, which are visible to the naked eye, have _____ along their walls. taste buds merkel cells microvilli mechanoreceptors

taste buds

Chemical senses in our body can be found in which senses?

taste, smell

The bony (osseous) labyrinth is located in which cranial bone? maxilla temporal parietal ethmoid

temporal

The hearing centers of the brain are located in the: temporal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe frontal lobe

temporal lobe

Where are proprioceptors located?

tendons, skeletal muscles

When focusing on a near object, -the ciliary muscles contract -the suspensory ligaments are taut -the lens is at its thinnest and flattest

the ciliary muscles contract

The blind spot of the eye is: -the transparent area on the anterior surface of they eye -the yellowish spot on the retina -the area of highest visual acuity -the region where the optic nerve leaves the retina.

the region where the optic nerve leaves the retina

__________ are sensory receptors stimulated by changes in temperature.

thermoreceptors

Which of the following are characteristics of pain receptors?

they are sensitive to tissue damage, they are also called nociceptors

Cutaneous receptors found throughout the dermis of the skin are sensitive to: light touch pressure temperature pain

touch, pain, pressure, temperature

The cranial nerves that control the extrinsic eye muscles are the: facial trochlear abducens oculomotor optic

trochlear, abducens, oculomotor

True or false: The images detected at the retina are upside down and reversed from left to right.

true

True or false: When viewing a boat in the distance from the shore and then looking back at your book, your eyes are able to adjust and focus due to visual accommodation.

true

The ____________ membrane is where the outer ear ends and the middle ear begins.

tympanic

Where are olfactory receptor cells located?

upper portion of the nasal cavity

Identify the three major parts of the inner ear: auditory ossicles vestibule auditory tube cochlea semicircular canals

vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals

A process by which the eye adjusts and is able to focus on objects close and far away, always producing a sharp image is known as: rhodopsin decomposition pigmentation visual accommodation

visual accommodation

The transparent, jellylike fluid that fills the posterior compartment is called _____ humor.

vitreous

Which of the following structures is located within the posterior compartment? cornea iris vitreous body aqueous humor retina

vitreous body, retina